1. Section 2: India

2. Introductions  Physical barriers- Himalayas, the Hindu Kush, and the Indian ocean (made invasion difficult)  Mountain passes provided migration routes  Rivers-Indus and Ganges  Indus river valley civilization (Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro)

3. Aryans

4.  Indo European invaders  lighter, taller  spoke different language / no writing  herders  Route – Khyber pass  Literature – Vedas/Upanishads

5. Caste System  Brahmins – priests  Kshatriyas – warriors  Vaishyas – peasants/traders  Shudras –laborers/craftsmen  Rigid social system-did not allow for movement from caste to caste

7. Mauryan Empire

8. Start of Empire  Chandragupta Maurya (321 BC)-empire  Asoka takes over  Height of empire

9. Asoka  269 BC  rule –Buddha's teachings of non-violence  Continued political unification of much of India

10. Spread of Buddhism  Spread along silk road  Asoka’s missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism from India to China-along trade routes

12. Cultural diffusion  Made stone pillars carved with policies  Built roads  Used missionaries

13. Contributions  spread of Buddhism  free hospitals  veterinary clinics  good roads

14. Gupta Empire

15. Gupta empire  Chandra Gupta  central region of the Ganges river valley  320 AD

16. Height of Gupta empire  India experienced a golden age under Gupta  Contributions:  mathematics (concept of zero)  medical advances (setting bones)  astronomy (concept of a round earth)  new textiles  literature (sanskrit)