1. Exploring Mendelian Genetics 11-3 http://www.eslkidstuff.com/images/tallshort.gif http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/genetics%20tutorial.htm

2. GENES are more complicated than Mendel thought ____________________________ the ________________________. = ________________________ Genes ________ the ______ for development, but how plan unfolds also _______ on ______________conditions.

3. GENES are more complicated than Mendel thought Some traits have ____________ allele __________ = ____________________ EX: blood type Allele choices ___ ___ ___

4. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought Some traits are determined by ____________________________ = __________________ EX: human height. intelligence, skin & eye color http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG

5. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought Traits determined by ____________ _________ have _____ “___________” phenotypes http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm There aren’t just SMART people and DUMB people…. there is a ________________ of intelligences in-between

6. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought KINDS OF DOMINANCE ____________________

7. COMPLETE DOMINANCE __________ allele _______ the ___________ one PATTERN ? ____________ allele ________ in a _____ratio in the ____ generation http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html

8. INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE __________ expected _____ ratio in F 2 generation _____________ organisms with one dominant and one recessive allele show a _________ in-between trait Image modified from: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html

9. CO-DOMINANCE _______ traits are expressed at ___________ (____________________) in heterozygote A ________HORSE has ______________ hair and __________ hair side by side

10. CO-DOMINANCE Both traits are expressed together (NO BLENDING) in heterozygote Persons with an A allele AND a B allele have blood type AB

11. Membrane proteins with _______ attached that help cells recognize self = ______________ http://www.mannanw.com/super-sugars.htm REMEMBER

12. BLOOD TYPES have more than 2 allele choices = _________________________ The pattern of sugars that is attached is determined by genes Allele choices are: _____________

13. BLOOD TYPES An A allele tells the cell to put “A” glycoproteins on its surface

14. BLOOD TYPES A B allele tells the cell to put a different “B” glycoprotein on its surface

15. BLOOD TYPES An O allele tells the cell NOT to put anything on the surface

16. A and B are CO-DOMINANT A cell with BOTH an A and a B allele has BOTH “A” and “B” glycoproteins on its surface

17. BLOOD TYPES & ALLELES GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE (BLOOD TYPE) AA AO BB BO OO AB

18. B and O see A as Different! IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS! Body images modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg A and AB see A as “like me” DONOR BLOOD

19. A and O see B as Different! IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS! Body images modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg B and AB see B as “like me” DONOR BLOOD

20. Body images modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg YOU DON’T HAVE ANYTHING I DON’T HAVE! ____ can donate to EVERY BLOOD TYPE = _____________________ Nothing on surface to recognize as “NOT SELF” DONOR BLOOD

21. A, B, and O see AB as Different! IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS! Body images modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg Only AB sees AB as “like me” DONOR BLOOD

22. Body image modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg ______ can RECEIVE FROM EVERY BLOOD TYPE = ________________________ AB can only GIVE to AB BUT...

23. BLOOD TYPE FREQUENCY IN USA http://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/BldTyping.html A40% B10% AB4% O46%

24. ABO SYSTEM is NOT THE ONLY ONE Rh + Rh -

25. MOM is _____ & BABY is ____ OTHER BLOOD TYPES ____________________ IF: Image modified from: http://www.wsd1.org/lessonplans/images/Body.gif MOM is _____ & BABY is _____

26. Can be a ___________ IF: Mom is _____ Baby is _____ Image modified from: http://www.wsd1.org/lessonplans/images/Body.gif 1 st baby OK but few baby cells entering mom’s bloodstream put mom’s immune system on alert for + cells. Next + baby, mom’s immune system can attack baby as it is growing Mom given shot after 1 st birth prevents this

27. DIHYBRID CROSSES ( 2 traits) http://mac122.icu.ac.jp/BIOBK/BioBookgenintro.html

28. Mendel also asked the question? Does the gene that determines if a seed is round or wrinkled have anything to do with the gene for seed shape? Must a seed that is yellow also be round?

29. MAKING A CROSS with ______________ traits = ____________________ A Punnett square for a DIHYBRID CROSS looks like this:

30. Go to Section: Section 11-3 Figure 11-10 Independent Assortment in Peas

31. LAW OF __________________________ the factors are distributed to gametes independently of other factors INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT Image modified from: http://anthro.palomar.edu/mendel/mendel_1.htm

32. 1. ___________ what _________________ are 2. ________correct__________ square __________ 3. ______ possible_______________________ 4. ______ boxes with _____________________ 5. Determine ____________of_____________& ____________ LET’S MAKE A DIHYBRID CROSS HOMOZYGOUS YELLOW ROUND HOMOZYGOUS GREEN WRINKLED Figure out parent alleles Choose Punnett size Put in parent gametes Fill in offspring combinations probabilities phenotypes genotypes

33. R R Y YR R Y Y HOMOZYGOUS ROUND YELLOW PRACTICE MAKING GAMETES WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE GAMETES THIS PARENT CAN MAKE ? Each gamete should get one of each kind of gene ___________ ____________ _____________ _____________ R YR Y R YR Y R YR YR YR Y

34. r r y yr r y y HOMOZYGOUS WRINKLED GREEN PRACTICE MAKING GAMETES WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE GAMETES THIS PARENT CAN MAKE ? Each gamete should get one of each kind of gene ___________ ____________ _____________ _____________ r y r yr y r yr yr yr y

35. R r Y yR r Y y HETEROZYGOUS ROUND YELLOW PRACTICE MAKING GAMETES WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE GAMETES THIS PARENT CAN MAKE ? Each gamete should get one of each kind of gene ___________ ____________ _____________ _____________ R YR Y r yr y r Yr YR yR y

36. 100% of offspring = _______ genotype _______________________ phenotype

37. HETEROZYGOUS ROUND YELLOW MAKE ANOTHER CROSS

38. POSSIBLE PARENT GAMETES?

39. Sign of a ______________________ cross is a _____________ ratio in offspring. ____ Round & Yellow ____ Round & green ____ Wrinkled & yellow ____ wrinkled & green

40. __________ratio is a clue that it’s a ____________________________cross ____ ____________ TRAIT 1 ; ____________ TRAIT 2 ____ ____________ TRAIT 1; _____________ TRAIT 2

41. PRACTICE MAKING GAMETES for DIHYBRID CROSSES http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html

42. pure round & pure tall = __________ ____ ____ ___________ What gametes can it produce? What are the possible gametes?    

43. Heterozygous Tall = __________ & pure round ____ ____ ___________ What gametes can it produce? What are the possible gametes?    

44. Hybrid tall = __________ & pure wrinkled ____ ____ ___________ What gametes can it produce? What are the possible gametes?    

45. Heterozygous tall = __________ & hybrid round ____ ____ ___________ What gametes can it produce? What are the possible gametes?    