1. Period of Disunion
After the fall of the Han Dynasty China split in to rival kingdoms. This period was filled with war. Many nomadic people settled in Northern China too. The culture was mixed and not unified.

2. Sui Dynasty CE

3. Religion and Culture
1.Buddhism spreads from traders and monks that traveled the silk road form India .
2. It was welcomed as a way to escape suffering from earlier disunion. (169)
3. Many wealthy give money to Buddhist temples which are architectural wonders. They house huge statues of Buddha.

4. Technology and Achievements
The Grand Canal-600 miles that linked Northern and Southern China– transports rice to northern cities and armies. (167)
2. Rebuild Great Wall to protect from Northern invaders.

5. Government and Unification
Emperor Yang Jian unifies China He restored order after the “Period of Disunion”

6. Trade
The Grand Canal makes trade of food and culture possible/easier from north to south.

7. Tang Dynasty CE

8. Religion and Culture
Late in the Tang dynasty Confucian thought becomes popular. It teaches a code of behavior. See Song for more info.

9. Technology and Achievements
Expanded and Improved Gran Canal
Great artists paint murals celebrating Buddhism and sculpt , poetry also become popular

10. Government and Unification
Empress Wu– Ruled with an iron fist in order to unify China and prevent disunion

11. Trade Begin to trade overland with foreigners
In the west the trade with India and Korea and Japan in the east. They trade silk, rice spices, tea and jade.

12. Another Period of Disunion Chaos and disorder as separate kingdoms competed for power. Lasted 53 years.

13. Song Dynasty

14. Religion and Culture
Confucius was around 1500 years earlier but, Confucianism has a resurgence in the Song period. (177)
Confucius teaches that you should have respect for others (family, government and education) and follow appropriate customs and beliefs (behavior based) (178)

15. Technology and Achievements
1.Dragonbone pump– scoops water from one place in order t o dump in canal– crop irrigation (170)
2. Rice grows plentiful in south and wheat and barley in the north (171)

16. Government and Unification
A merit system for government jobs- People became government officials by passing civil service examinations. If the examination was passed they become very respected “scholarly officials” that work for the government bureaucracy.

17. Trade
Porcelain is invented and traded with foreigners. Like with silk, they protect this knowledge to ensure their ability to trade with foreigners.

18. Yuan Dynasty (Mongols) 1279-1368 CE

19. Religion and Culture
The Mongols were different than the Chinese– the spoke a different language, worshipped different God, wore different clothing and had different customs– The Chinese thought they were rude and uncivilized. (181)
2. Mongols accepted /tolerated Chinese traditions and philosophies Many adopted Chinese ways. (182)

20. Technology and Achievements
1.With money that Chinese were taxed they build new roads and palaces (182)
2. Created a postal system
3. built new capital, Dadu (182)

21. Government and Unification
Genghis Khan- Organized fierce army and started to attack China in North (180)
Kublai Khan (grandson of G.K.)declares himself emperor of China. (187)
3.They heavily taxed the Chinese but allowed them to keep their own beliefs systems (182)

22. Trade
1.Mongols traded be sea and by land which increased contact with the west
2.The military protected overland trade routes– making it safe for foreign traders.
3. Italian merchant Marco Polo who served under Kublai Khan’s court– He determined that China was highly civilized.

23. Ming Dynasty CE

24. Religion and Culture
Buddhism, Daoism and Confucian thought still influence China

25. Technology and Achievements
1.They build the Forbidden City in Beijing. It has 9000 rooms and government buildings. Only upper class can go in. (184)
2. Restoration of The Great Wall– they expand it to over 2000 miles long! (185)

26. Government and Unification
1.They expelled the Mongols
2. Emperors become powerful.
3. Civil Service system is still used (examinations for government jobs). (186) 

27. Trade
Sailor ZHENG HE- leads many grand voyages all over Asia and Africa. He returns with over 30 nations representatives to honor the Chinese king. (183)
2. Isolationism– Ming emperors conclude the west has little to offer so they restrict trade. (186)
3.China avoids outside contact and falls behind other countries in technology and military power (186)