1. Exercise 18

2. No.1  (Worse) To keep in shape, exercise is a must for an athlete.  (Better) An athlete must exercise to keep in shape.

3. No.2  (Worse) When an engineer, customer satisfaction should be attempted.  (Better) An engineer should attempt to satisfy the customer.

4. No.3  (Worse) After simulating a real environment, a consensus was reached.  (Better) After the researchers simulated a real environment, a consensus was reached.

5. No.4  (Worse) Being radioactive, the technician handled the materials with extreme care.  (Better) The technician handled the radioactive materials with extreme care.

6. No.5  (Worse) Several investigations calibrated errors related to camera distortion, which occurred in the 1990 ’ s.  (Better) Several investigations during the 1990 ’ s calibrated errors related to camera distortion.

7. No.6  (Worse) The pedestrian warned the passing car with an angry look.  (Better) The pedestrian with an angry look warned the passing car.

8. [Note 5.5]  It is illogical to state that the passing car has an angry look.  The revised sentence eliminates the confusion.

9. No.7  (Worse) The cellular manufacturing system has been increasingly applied to industry, which is an important group technology application.  (Better) The cellular manufacturing system, an important group technology application, has been increasingly applied to industry.

10. No.8  (Worse) A genetic algorithm is appropriate for the machine-component grouping problem which is a robust adaptive optimization method based on principles of natural evolution.  (Better) Genetic algorithm, a robust adaptive optimization method based on principles of natural evolution, is appropriate for the machine-component grouping problem.

11. [Note 5.6]  In this sentence, a robust adaptive optimization method illogically refers to the machine- component grouping problem, implying that the modifying clause has been misplaced.  The revised sentence places the clause next to subject that it modifies.

12. No.9  (Worse) To encourage adult literacy, public reading rooms have been established in the city.  (Better 1) To encourage adult literacy, the government has established public reading rooms in the city.  (Better 2) The government has established public reading rooms in the city to encourage adult literacy.

13. No.10  (Worse) When logging onto the Internet, complicated programming tasks are unnecessary.  (Better 1) Complicated programming tasks are unnecessary when logging onto the Internet.  (Better 2) Logging onto the Internet does not require complicated programming tasks.

14. No.11  (Worse) As a child, my mother encouraged me to read many books.  (Better) My mother encouraged me to read many books when I was a child.

15. No.12  (Worse) Entering the apartment, the light had been left on.  (Better) Entering the apartment, I notice that the light had been left on.