1. Avian Digestive Tract

2. Ruminates

3. DIGESTIVE TRACT

6. CONNECTIONS

8. Salivary Glands

9. SALIVA Secreted by epithelial cells of three glands Contains AMYLASE (starch hydrolyzing) and LYSOZYME (antibacterial) Used for lubrication, cooling, solvent and buffer Sialorrhea = excess production

10. Esophagus & Peristalsis

11. STOMACH Initial site of protein hydrolysis/digestion Primary site of mechanical digestion via rumination Absorption of water and alcohol

13. STOMACH SECRETIONS Site of initial protein hydrolysis Controlled by multiple factors including sight, smell, taste of food as well as distention of fundus HCl provides optimal pH for enzymes like Pepsin

15. DUODENUM First section of small intestine Drastic rise in pH due to addition of bile salts Receives secretions of pancreas Most common site of ulcers (5cm from pylorus)

16. BILE SALTS Inorganic salts produced by liver Used to emulsify (increase surface area) of lipids/fats Stored temporarily in Gall Bladder Enters Duodenum via Common Bile Duct

18. PANCREATIC JUICE Contains Trypsin (protein hydrolyzing), Lipase (lipid hydrolyzing), Nuclease (DNA-RNA hydrolyzing) and Amylase (carbohydrate hydrolyzing) pH must be Alkaline (8) so pancreas secretes bicarbonate (NaHC0 3 )

19. SMALL INTESTINE Jejunum (8ft) Ileum (12ft) Site of absorption and chemical digestion

20. INTESTINAL JUICE Contains aminopeptidase (protein hydrolyzing), sucrase, maltase and lactase (carbohydrate hydrolyzing) High surface area of small intestine (200 m 2 ) assists in secretion and absorption

21. VILLI Small (1mm) projections of small intestine that drastically increase surface area of small intestine Cells lining villi die and are consumed! Contain capillaries for transport of material Contain lacteals to transport fats

22. Vermiform Appendix

23. COLON

24. Involved in synthesis of Vitamin K –Assists clotting –Assists conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver

25. COLONOSCOPY