1. Chapter 28 America Becomes a World Power

2. 28.2 America Stretches Its Wings
*Imperialism- The policy of
extending a nation’s power by
gaining political and economic
control over other countries.
*1867 US purchases Alaska from
Russia.
*1898 under President McKinley,
the US annexes Hawaii.

3. 28.3 “A Splendid Little War.”
*1898 President McKinley sends US battleship Maine to Cuba to support them in their quest for independence from Spain.
*February 15, 1898 explosion sinks the Maine while at Havana harbor- no one knows how it happens.
*US uses this as a reason to go to war with Spain.
*Spanish-American War lasts only 4 months.
*Cuba gains independence; US gets Puerto Rico as territory.

4. 28.4 The Philippines
*At the same time the US is fighting the Spanish-American War, the US sends naval fleet to the Philippines to help them gain their independence from Spain.
*US defeats the Spanish and buys the Philippines from Spain for $20 million.
*Filipinos feel betrayed by the US. Led by General Emilio Aguinaldo, they revolt against US. Fighting goes on for three years, but US prevails and keeps the Philippines as a territory until 1947.

5. 28.5 Panama and the Canal
*1901 President McKinley is assassinated. Theodore Roosevelt becomes president.
*Roosevelt wants to build a canal to join the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans he offers Columbia $10 Million for land in Panama.
*Columbia refuses to sell their land, so US sends warship to Panama.
*US helps Panamanians gain independence from Columbia. In return, Panama sells narrow strip of land to US.
*1904 canal construction begins.
* mile-long Panama Canal opens.

6. 28.6 The Outbreak of World War I
*June 28, 1914 Austro-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife are assassinated by a Serbian nationalist while visiting the province of Bosnia.
*Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. Germany joins in by declaring war on Serbia’s ally, Russia. Germany and A-H form the Central Powers.
*France and Britain come to Russia’s aid. The three countries become the Allied Powers.
*Eventually over a dozen countries take sides in “The Great War.”
*Woodrow Wilson is US president.
*US remains neutral at first.

7. 28.7 A New Kind of Warfare *Both sides dig in and for three years
fight a “trench warfare”in lines that
stretch over 600 miles across France.
*New weapons such as machine guns and poison gas kill soldiers in massive numbers.
*By the end of *Germany loses
France loses 300, ,000 soldiers
soldiers. in a single battle.

8. 28.7 Continued… *Most trade between countries is by sea.
*Britain mines German ports to close off trade.
*Germany uses a new type of vessel, the
submarine, or U-boat, to block British ports.
*Warns other
countries that it will sink
their boats if they try to
enter British ports.
*Americans are outraged by this, but the US still remains neutral.

9. 28.7 continued… *May 7, 1915 Germany sinks the British
liner Lusitania.
*1198 people are killed, along with 128
Americans.
*Still the US remains neutral.
*Trade between US and the Allies
increases after the sinking as Americans
now favor Britain, France and Russia.
*February 1917 Germany begins
sinking US merchant ships.
*President Wilson finally asks
Congress for a Declaration of War.

10. 28.8 To Make the World Safe for Democracy
*American troops begin arriving in Europe
in June 1917.
*They bring new energy to the Allies as
Russia drops out of the war and makes
peace with Germany.
*1 million US soldiers in Europe by 1918.
*US commander, General John “Blackjack”
Pershing coordinates huge numbers of
soldiers, tanks, airplanes and artillery that
push Germany back to its own border.

11. 28.8 Continued…
*To avoid an invasion of their own country, Germany agrees to an armistice (cease-fire).
*On November 11, 1918 the war ends at a cost of over nine million lives.

12. *28.9 The Struggle for Peace.
*President Wilson proposes 14-points for world peace.
*Points 1-5 aim to prevent future conflict between nations.
*Points 6-13 describe new boundaries for European nations.
*Fourteenth point calls for a
League of Nations to address world
concerns.
*January 18, 1919 Germany signs
The Treaty of Versailles.
*Treaty is designed to punish
Germany.

13. *28.9 Continued… *January 18, 1919 Germany signs the
Treaty of Versailles.
*Treaty designed to punish Germany in
four ways:
1) Germany must disband its military.
2) Must give up its colonies.
3) Must surrender territory in Europe.
4) Must pay reparations (repair) to pay
for damages and war deaths.
*Most Americans wary of the Treaty.
They don’t want to get involve in
European affairs ever again.
*Because of this, the Senate rejects
the Treaty of Versailles in March 1920.
*In Germany, the Treaty leaves a
bitter legacy. Germans feel
betrayed by the treaty.
*This legacy leads to an obscure
corporal’s rise to power in the
1930’s. His name…Adolf Hitler.
…THE END