1. Good Morning!!! 1.NVC 2.Wrap up Treaty of Versailles 3.Post-WWI Art and Culture Essential Question: How did people view the world post-WWI?

2. Treaty of Versailles Major Provisions Punishment of Germany – required to admit total blame for World War I – Required to pay the total cost of World War I – Army limited in size, air force and navy abolished – Colonial possessions divided among the allies

3. Treaty of Versailles Major Provisions Other Territorial Changes – Austria-Hungary Empire divided into four different nations (Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia) – Five other nations established along Germany’s borders

4. Treaty of Versailles Major Provisions League of Nations established – International peacekeeping organization – Created to mediate disputes between countries – Member countries required to assist each other in stopping aggression

5. Issues NOT covered Secret treaties NOT eliminated Rights of neutrals at sea NOT addressed Free trade NOT addressed Colonies NOT given independence No country besides Germany was required to reduce size of army/armaments

6. U.S. refuses to ratify U.S. Congress refuses to accept the Treaty of Versailles Problem: The League of Nations – Worried the League would take away Congress’ power to DECLARE WAR – Congress did not want U.S. getting dragged into wars – Without U.S., League loses most of its power

7. German Reactions “May the hand rot that signs this treaty”– German Chancellor Schiedemann, who resigned rather than sign the Treaty of Versailles

8. German Reactions “The demands go beyond the power of the German Nation to deal with. We know the hate we are encountering here, and we have heard the passionate demand of the victors, who require us, the defeated, to pay the bill and plan to punish us as the guilty party. We are asked to confess as the sole culprits; in my view, such a confession would be a lie. We emphatically deny that the people of Germany, who were convinced that they were waging a war of defense, should be burdened with the sole guilt of that war.”– Count Brockorff-Rantzau

9. German Reactions “Only childish and naïve minds can believe that they can correct the Versailles treaty by begging and pleading. No nation can remove this hand from its throat except by the sword. Only the concentrated might of a national passion, rearing up in its strength, can defy this attempt to enslave the German people” – Adolf Hitler

10. Aftermath of WWI The Cost of War – Over 16 million dead – Britain 4.4 Billion dollars in debt to U.S. – France 8 Billion dollars in debt to U.S. – Germany 38 Billion dollars in debt to Europe Would take nearly a century to pay off The world “lost its innocence”

11. Burned into Cultural Memory “A generation of innocent young men, their heads full of high ideals like Honor, Glory and England, went off to war to make the world safe for democracy. They were slaughtered in stupid battles planned by stupid generals. Those who survived were shocked, disillusioned and embittered by their war experiences, and saw that their real enemies were not the Germans, but the old men at home who had lied to them. They rejected the values of the society that had sent them to war, and in doing so separated their own generation from the past and from their cultural inheritance” -- Samuel Hynes

12. A Changing Society 1885 1919

13. A Changing Society 18731921

14. A Changing Society 19131927

15. A Changing Society 1890 “Grow old along with me! The best is yet to be, The last of life, for which the first was made: Our times are in his hand Who saith, “A whole I planned, Youth shows but half: trust God: see all, nor be afraid!”—Robert Browning 1922 “Life is so damned hard, so damned hard... It just hurts people and hurts people, until finally it hurts them so that they can't be hurt ever any more. That's the last and worst thing it does.”—F. Scott Fitzgerald

16. Artists Rebel Dadaism: bold colors and distorted images Cubism: sharp angles and edges, images appear broken – Pablo Picasso Surrealism: eerie, unrealistic, and dream-like – Salvador Dali Existentialism – “The Lost Generation”