1. Presentation prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar
PUMPS
Presentation prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar

2. Outline of presentation
Difference between Pump and Compressor
Definition of pump
Terminology used in pumps
Classification of pumps
Working of different types of pumps
Application of Pumps

3. Difference between Pump and Compressor
A pump is a machine for raising a liquid - a relatively incompressible fluid - to a higher level of pressure or head.
A compressor is a machine for raising a gas - a compressible fluid - to a higher level of pressure.

4. What is pump ???
The pump is mechanical device which conveys liquid from one place to another place.
It can be defined as a hydraulic machines which converts the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.
The pump is power absorbing machine. The power can be supplied to the pump by a prime mover like an electric motor, an internal combustion engine or turbine..

5. Terminology
Suction head (hs): it is the vertical distance between the liquid level in the sump and the centre line of the pump. It is expressed as meters.
Delivery head (hd): It is the vertical distance between the centre line of the pump and the liquid level in the overhead tank or the supply point. It is expressed in meters.
Static head (Hs): It is the vertical difference between the liquid levels In the overhead tank and the sump, when the pump is not working. It is expressed as meters.Therefore, HS= (hs+ hd)
Friction head (hf): It is the sum of the head loss due to the friction in the suction and delivery pipes.
hf=(fLV2/2gD).

6. Total head (H): It is the sum of the static head Hs, friction head (hf) and the velocity head in the delivery pipe (Vd 2/2g). Where, Vd=velocity in the delivery pipe.
Manometric head(Hm): It is the total head developed by the pump. This head is slightly less than the head generated by the impeller due to some losses in the pump
Mechanical efficiency(ηmech): It is the ratio of the impeller hydraulic power to the power of the motor or the prime mover

7. Classification of Pump

8. Classification of Pump cont…
There are two main categories of pumps kinetic and positive displacement. Almost all pumps fall into one of these two categories. The main difference between kinetic and positive displacement pumps lies in the method of fluid transfer.
Kinetic Pump
Positive displacement
imparts velocity energy to the fluid, which is converted to pressure energy upon exiting the pump casing
moves a fixed volume of fluid within the pump casing by applying a force to moveable boundaries containing the fluid volume
Low pressure generated
High pressure generated
High volume liquid discharge
Low volume liquid discharge

9. Dynamic pressure pump
These pumps operate on the principle of the rise in pressure energy of liquid by dynamic action of liquid.
The dynamic action of liquid is carried out by revolving wheel which has curved vanes on it.
This wheel is known as impeller.
This pump is classified in two types:
1)Centrifugal pump
2)Jet pump

10. Centrifugal Pump
C:\Users\nimy\Desktop\Pump\Lecture\Single Stage Centrifugal Pump.flv

11. Centrifugal Pump
Electric Motor

12. Centrifugal Pump
Converts kinetic energy to pressure energy

13. Centrifugal pump cont….
Centrifugal pump works on the principle that when a certain mass of liquid is made to rotate along the impeller from the central axis of rotation, it impresses a centrifugal head. It causes the water to move radially outwards at higher velocity and causes the water to rise to a higher level. The motion of water is restricted by casing of pump, it result into pressure build up.
C:\Users\nimy\Desktop\Pump\Lecture\Centrifugal Pump.mp4

14. Priming of a Centrifugal Pump
The operation of filling the casing , impeller and suction pipe and the portion of delivery pump upto delivery valve is called priming.
In case the priming of pump is not done and the pump is not done and the pump is not under the operation, the water present in the pump and suction pipe will flow back to the sump. The space occupied by water will be filled by air.
If the pump is now started, the air pockets inside the impeller may give rise to vortices and cause the discontinuity of flow. Under these condition, the flow of fluid does not commence and the pump runs dry. It causes the rubbing and seizing of the wearing rings, increases noise level and vibrations and finally may cause the serious damage to pump.
How does Centrifugal pump work _.mp4

15. Centrifugal pump Advantages Simple in construction and cheap
Handle liquid with large amounts of solids
No valves involved in pump operation
Maintenance costs are lower
Disadvantages
Cannot handle highly viscous fluids efficiently
Cannot be operated at high heads
Maximum efficiency holds over a narrow range of conditions

16. Jet Pump
This pump is a combination of a surface centrifugal pump, down-hole nozzle, and venturi arrangement. It can be used in small diameter wells that require a lift of 100 feet or less.
The pump supplies water, under pressure, to the nozzle. The increase in velocity at the nozzle results in a decrease in pressure at that point, which in turn draws water through the foot valve into the intake pipe. The combined flow then enters the venturi where the velocity is gradually decreased and the pressure head recovered. The excess flow is discharged at the surface through a control valve, which also maintains the required re-circulating flow to the nozzle.
Jet Pumps.mp4

17. Positive Displacement Pumps
Reciprocating pumps
Rotary pumps

18. RECIPROCATING PUMPS Reciprocating pump classification
1. Sides in contact with water
a) Single acting Reciprocating pump
b) Double acting reciprocating pump
2. Numbers of cylinder used
a) Single cylinder pump
b) Two cylinder pumps
c) Multi-cylinder pumps

19. Operations of single acting reciprocating pump
Positive Displacement Reciprocating Pumps Working Animation.mp4

20. Operation of double acting reciprocating pump
Animated Double Acting Compressor Cylinder.mp4

21. Diaphragm Pump
A diaphragm pump is a positive displacement pump that uses a combination of reciprocating action and either a flapper valve or a ball valve to transfer liquids.
Diaphragm pumps are self priming and are ideal for viscous liquids. Diaphragm pumps transfer almost any kind of slurry, debris laden waste, food processing residual, liquid, stones, sticks, sugar, oil sludge, refinery waste, mud, clay pharmaceutical, industrial fluids
Wilden - How Air-Operated Double-Diaphram Pumps Work.mp4

22. RANpump 1__ Diaphragm Pump Animation (Working System).mp4

23. Rotary pumps
A rotary pump is a positive-displacement pump that consists of vanes mounted to a rotor that rotates inside of a cavity. In some cases these vanes can be variable length and/or tensioned to maintain contact with the walls as the pump rotates

24. Gear pumps
Gear pump:
it consists of two or more gears which mesh each other. The rotation of these gears provides pumping action .
Spur, helical , herringbone types of gear may be used for the purpose but spur gear are most commonly used.
External Gear Pumps.flv
Animation How internal gear pump works.mp4

25. Vane pump
Vane pump:
it consists of stationary casing and cylindrical rotor.
The cylindrical rotor contains the sliding vanes which fitted to the radial grooves of rotor as shown as fig.
The vanes are free to move away from the centre of rotor due to the spring action .
These make tight contact between vanes and casing rotation.
Liquid is carried on by the vanes and finally discharge to the delivery side.
Phun - Rotary Vane Pump.mp4
Rotary Vane Pump Animation.flv

26. Screw pumps Screw pump:
Screw pumps are special type of rotary positive displacement pumps.
It consists of pair of screws, one of the screw rotor drives other screw rotor in the stationary casing .
The liquid is carried between screw threads in pair of screws in mesh and is displaced axially as the screws rotates.
Screw Pump.flv

27. Lobe pumps
NETZSCH TORNADO Rotary Lobe Pump.mp4

28. Rotary Piston Pump Rotary Piston Pump Animation.mp4

29. Practical Application of Pumps
TYPE OF PUMP
APPLICATION
Piston pump
For low head and more discharge
Plunger pump
For high head and less discharge, and for denser liquids.
Bucket pump
For low head and suitable for manual operations
Centrifugal pump
For continuous flow, high discharge, low head
Multi stage centrifugal pump
High discharge
Multi stage centrifugal pumps
For high head
Rotary pump
For viscous fluid like lubricating oil

30. Thanks for listening