1. From complex organisation / knowledge contexts to a Master’s dissertation Carole Truman (Soon to be) Prof. Health and Community Studies

2. Format for this session The Context and requirements for your dissertation – using your experiences, knowledge and skills to write a dissertation Some analogies Constraints and Opportunities Writing Aims and Objectives BREAK Evaluating the process (and your practice)

3. Why Me? 20 Years research experience in health, social care, social development e.g.: Needs assessment - sexual health Support Needs of the elderly Exercise, mental health and participation Self - harm in forensic mental health; Community Safety; Prisoners’ Families Know a bit about social research Have supported (hundreds of) students to do projects / dissertations from UG to PhD to professionals in practice An exercise in knowledge utilisation

4. Some Analogies … Ever played draughts against a five year old? Why is it OK to kick the ball over the bar in rugby, but not in football? If you’re standing in a GP’s surgery, how do you know that you’re not in a school? (or vice-versa) In a supermarket which is stocked with thousands of products, how do you manage to leave with only a trolley-load?

5. Your goal – write a dissertation What are the opportunities? What are the constraints?

6. Knowledge Utilisation and AR – the common ground between them Asks questions about the relationship between producing knowledge / evidence and how that knowledge can be used Situates who can be a ‘knower’ within that context (stakeholders) Uncovers the complex nature of relationships in knowledge processes Provides ways of evaluating knowledge

7. The process … [Action Research / Knowledge Utilisation] combines enquiry, intervention and evaluation and so mirrors the iterative processes employed by professional staff in assessing the needs of vulnerable people, responding to them and reviewing progress. (Hart and Bond 1995)

8. So... Action research ‘encompasses a whole range of approaches and practices, each grounded in different traditions, in different philosophical and psychological assumptions, pursuing different political commitments’. Knowledge Utilisation has much in common with AR – but whereas AR would normally use research methods to generate knowledge, KU would seek to use processes which use and evaluate knowledge.

9. In other words... Knowledge is not produced for its own sake, but it is seen as being embedded in processes of social change or problem solving, inseparable from the idea of action (Brock and McGee 2002).

10. Working to a Plan Defining a Problem Setting Aims and Objectives Developing a process Evaluating knowledge claims Health Warnings

11. Criteria for a Viable Project It should be do-able: access, co-operation, feasible within the timescale, etc. Aims and Objectives should be tailored to this. For every project task, there is a writing task

12. Defining a Problem (or Opportunity) Thinking about what sort of project you want to do, and what is going to be possible (remember, you are constrained by time, word-length etc….) Background – policy context; the literature; knowledge / experience from elsewhere Background to your ambitions – what makes it interesting and worth doing? Literature – what literature will be relevant – what knowledge can you draw upon? JUSTIFICATION FOR YOUR PROJECT – making a convincing case to start the journey

13. From Problem / Opportunity to Plan Having justified your ambitions and described the background … Devise Aims and Objectives Aim: Your overall goal (for the purpose of the dissertation, this may form part of a larger project) Objectives – Steps along the way - Sub-questions that need to be met in order to meet the aim. (Could be expressed as hypotheses to test) Be prepared to start big and focus down: most projects start off by being too ambitious

14. Objectives Defined steps along the journey 3 or 4 would be ample for a project of this scale Each objective should be sub-divided and expressed using indicators Each indicator should then be linked to a knowledge utilisation process

15. Some Guinea Pigs Talk to me about a Project We’ll define some aims and objectives

16. PLANACT OBSERVEREFLECT