1. Business and Management Research WELCOME

2. Lecture 4

3. Learning Objectives To know how to conduct and write literature reviews. To be aware of Plagiarism and its Consequences. To know how to write reference list To learn how to use Harvard referencing system To learn how to write up- Draft Introduction

4. Reviewing the literature Why do I need to do this? It is needed: –To conduct an initial search of existing material –To organise valuable ideas and findings –To identify other research that may be in progress –To generate research ideas

5. The Contents of a Literature Review What is already known about the topic? What needs to be said critically about what is already known? Has anyone else ever done anything similar to what is proposed? Has anyone else done anything that is related? Where does your work fit with what has gone before? Why is your research worth doing in the light of what has already been done? (Source: Silverman 2000:227)

6. Potential Sources for a Literature Review Books Journals Theses, Conference Papers & Working Papers (Research in Progress) Reference Works Other Information: market data, company accounts, government information, official statistics Websites

7. Literature sources available

8. Why is it Important to Do a Literature Review? It helps you to think about your topic & gives alternative perspectives at different stages of the research It helps define the methodology It makes the contribution of your research explicit

9. Plagiarism Plagiarism involves presenting the work and ideas of other people and passing them off as your own, without acknowledging the original source of the ideas used.

10. Examples of Plagiarism 1. Stealing material from another source and passing it off as your own. 2. Submitting a paper written by someone else (e.g. a peer or relative) & passing it off as your own. 3. Copying sections of material from one or more source texts, supplying proper documentation (including the full reference) but leaving out quotation marks, giving the impression that the material has been paraphrased rather than directly quoted. 4. Paraphrasing material from one or more source without supplying appropriate documentation.

11. References and citations You must give references to publications which you draw on or quote Exact (word for word) quotes must be in “…” and the reference must be given –Maximum about one paragraph Use one of the standard referencing systems (Harvard) Copying word for word without “…” and reference is treated as cheating and you will fail!

12. What must be in a project? Abstract (short summary of project including conclusions) Background and aims (what you’re trying to find out and why it’s important) Literature review (of relevant previous research which you will build on or extend) Research methods – plan and justification (what you did to meet the aims, and why it was a sensible approach) Analysis (in detail, to convince sceptical readers and impress examiners: important tables, diagrams etc must be in the text, only details in appendix) Results, conclusions, recommendations, limitations, further research References (list works cited in text in alphabetical order) Appendices –extra details for the reader

13. References and citations You must give references to publications which you draw on or quote Exact (word for word) quotes must be in “…” and the reference must be given –Maximum about one paragraph Use one of the standard referencing systems – preferably the Harvard (see university website) Copying word for word without “…” and reference is treated as cheating and you will fail!

14. References and citations Understand how to cite other people’s words and ideas