1. INTERNATIONALA CONFERENCE Security and Defence R&D Management: Policy, Concepts and Models R&D HUMAN CAPITAL POLICY ASSISTANT PROFESSOR KONSTANTIN POUDIN 29 - 31 May 2008 Varna, Bulgaria

2. Human Capital – the Most Important Factor of the Development of Economy of Science

3. Human Capital – Knowledge Competencies Skills Motivation Health Experience

4. HUMAN CAPITAL /HC/ FEATURES Development of HC is related to a lot of investments; Development of HC includes variety of activities, such as: educational initiatives, health initiatives, motivation activities etc.; Labor income is function of the investments in HC. People with higher education and qualification have to earn more money; Relation between HC and the level of technologies exists. The development of technologies put higher requirements towards HC.

5. R&D Human Capital has 2 important characteristics: QUANTITY & QUALITY

6. Qualitative indicators: Age/Gender Years of Experience Possession of PhD degree Possession of Scientific Title Participation in Research Projects Memberships in Research Networks Publications Participation in Training Quantitative indicators: Total Number of Researchers Number of Researchers in Public and Private Institutions Concentration / Distribution in Different Research Areas

7. 2005 - 2006 all the member countries of the EU – 1,8% of GDP 2010 2,6% of GDP

8. Some Facts and Conclusions: 0,5% of GDP - must be 3% The average weighted total yearly salary of a researcher in Bulgaria is the lowest in Europe - 3.556 EURO Netherlands 59.103 Norway 58.997 Germany 56.132 France 50.879 Portugal 29.001 Greece 25.685 Poland 11.659 Romania - 6.286

9. Some Facts and Conclusions: Austria 60.530 Italy 34.120 Belgium 55.998Latvia 21.580 Bulgaria 9.770 Lithuania 29.660 Croatia 27.063 Luxembourg 56.268 Cyprus 50.549 Malta 40.342 Czech Republic 36.950 Netherlands 56.721 Denmark 43.669 Norway 41.813 Estonia 21.053 Poland 21.591 Finland 36.646 Portugal 33.334 France 47.550 Romania 13.489 Germany 53.358 Slovakia 18.282 Greece 30.835 Slovenia 37.970 Hungary 27.692 Spain 38.873 Iceland 33.801 Sweden 47.143 Ireland 49.654 Switzerland 59.902 Israel 59.580 Turkey 26.250 United Kingdom 52.776 The average weighted total yearly salary of researchers of each country in EU25 and Associated Countries (2006, N=6110, all currencies in PPS)

10. Some Facts and Conclusions: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; 53 Institutions of Higher Education /43 Universities and Independent Higher Schools and 10 Colleges/; Non-government Organizations ; Companies Developing R&D Activity. 200320042005 R&D Staff /Total/ 21 60421 15420 874

11. Some Facts and Conclusions: PhD PROBLEM?. 2003/20042004/20052005/20062006/2007 PhD student 4 8345 079 5 1634 816 New PhD401392528583

12. FUTURE STEPS More money for R&D / in general / More “private money” allocated for R&D Development and maintenance of R&D capacity in private companies New motivation initiatives which have to attract and retain researchers in their own country and Europe.

13. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!