1. The Confederation Ch. 2.3

2. New State Govt’s 2 House Legislature Weak Executive Branch Citizenship Rights

3. Articles of Confederation 1781-1787 “Firm league of friendships” among 13 sovereign states.

4. Powers Unicameral legislature. Each state 1 vote. Limited powers –Raise army & navy –Coin & borrow $ –Admit new states & manage Indians States kept all other powers

5. Weaknesses No executive branch. No Fed. court system. Couldn’t tax or regulate trade. No respect Impossible to amend.

6. Settling the West 1780-1790 Public land west of Appalachian Mts. 2000-100,000 people in 10 yrs.

7. Problems GB & Sp. Still have ambition. Gov’t weak. (No real Army) Can’t protect settlers. Eastern speculators buy up good land. –TN & KY threaten to leave

8. 1785 Land Ordinance Orderly method of settling the west. Townships, school provisions. Speculators must buy whole section.

11. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Divided into 3-5 territories. 5,000 males ter. Gov’t. (judge & gov.) 60,000 - constitution & apply statehood. Slavery prohibited north Ohio R.

13. Boundary Disputes VT & NY CT & PA Chaos in west – states conduct own wars.

14. Commercial War States tax neighbors goods. (wood, lighthouses, etc…) Restrict shipping. Print own $. Founders fear Civil War.

15. Shay’s Rebellion MA MA Legislature wants to pay creditors. 1200 farmers couldn’t afford new taxes. Up 60%. Jailed or farms taken. Farmers claim tyranny. Many were veterans.

16. Shays Rebellion 1786, 1787 Capt. Shays army closes courts to stop farm seizures. MA Gov’t puts down rebellion w/ donations to pay for a militia. Elites scared.- need a strong nat. govt. –Control public from getting too democratic.

17. Nationalists Ideas 1780’s Stronger active nat. govt. Great commercial & diplomatic potential Individual economic interests –Bondholders –Urban artisans (tariff protections) –Merchant access to GB –Fear state attack on property rights

18. Nationalist Leaders James Madison VA –Deep thinker on political issues –Political freedom Alexander Hamilton NY –“energetic” supporter of national greatness –Economic power (bigger than GB)

20. Annapolis Convention 1786 Only 6 states meet to discuss interstates & international trade. Meeting in Phil. Suggested to amend Articles.

21. Impact of Shay’s Rebellion 1785 Sam Adams –Our government at present has liberty for its object. “A little rebellion now and then is a good thing, the tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time w/ the blood of patriots and tyrants.” - Jefferson

22. No respect is paid to federal authority”- Madison Madison feared private liberty or property rights could be endangered by public liberty or unchecked power in the hands of the people.

23. What did the nationalists want? Explain the conflicting views of Shay’s Rebellion?