1. Synchronous Motor for High-Speed Applications
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A Novel Rotor Configuration and Experimental Verification of Interior PM
Synchronous Motor for High-Speed Applications
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, VOL. 48, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2012
By Sung-Il Kim, Young-Kyoun Kim, Geun-Ho Lee,and Jung-Pyo Hong

2. Outline Abstract Introduction
Rotor Design Of High-Speed IPMSM Initial Rotor Shape
Initial Rotor Shape
Experimental Design
Rotor-Shape Optimization
Test Results And Discussion
Conclusion
References
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3. Abstract
On account of high efficiency and high power density, permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are mainly applied to a high-speed machine. Especially, because of relatively easy magnetic circuit design and control. However, the surface-mounted PMSM has some weak points due to a sleeve, which is nonmagnetic steel used in order to maintain the mechanical integrity of a rotor assembly in high-speed rotation.
是考慮高效率和高功率密度，永磁同步電機（PMSM）主要適用於高速計算機。尤其，由於比較容易磁路設計和控制。然而，表面安裝的永磁同步電動機具有由於一個套筒，這是為了保持一個轉子組件中的高速旋轉的機械完整性使用的非磁性鋼一些弱點。
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4. Introduction
The IPMSM does not essentially need the sleeve, because permanent magnet is inserted inside the rotor. Moreover, the IPMSM has higher power density than the surface-mounted PMSM, because it can use a magnetic and a reluctance torque with proper current vector control.
Thus, the two-pole IPMSM considering electrical and mechanical characteristics is designed and fabricated as the driving motor of a 8-kW, r/min class air blower. In the end, the superiority and reliability of the IPMSM in high-speed operation is verified by the results obtained by test.
的永磁同步電動機基本上不需要套筒，因為永久磁鐵插入轉子內。此外，永磁同步電機具有比所述表面安裝的永磁同步電動機更高的功率密度，因為它可以使用的磁性，並與適當的電流矢量控制的磁阻轉矩。
因此，兩個極IPMSM考慮電氣和機械特性，設計並製造為8千瓦，40000轉/分類鼓風機的驅動馬達。在結束時，在高速運轉的優越性和IPMSM的可靠性是由測試獲得的結果證實。
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5. Rotor Design Of High-Speed IPMSM
Fig. 2 Manufactured stator with three-phase coils. (a) Top view. (b) Side view.
Fig. 2 displays the manufactured stator with three-phase coils, and it is applied to the surface-mounted PMSM and IPMSM. Also, the main design specifications given in Table I are qually applied for them.
圖。2顯示製造定子具有三相繞組，並且將它應用到表面安裝的永磁同步電動機和永磁同步電動機。另外，在表中給出的主要設計規格I的同樣適用於它們。
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7. Initial Rotor Shape
Fig. 3 shows a variety of rotor configurations of the IPMSM with two poles. The diameter of the rotor and shaft is the same.
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8. Experimental Design
Partial rotor configurations according to design factor variation.
(a) According
to the number of magnet layers.
(b) According to the number of bridges
in the second layer.
c) According to pole angle.
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9. In this paper, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) , one of the statistical analysis methods, is utilized to identify the design factors that have the greatest influence on the characteristics of the IPMSM.
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11. FEA results Ｙ１３１ Ｙ３２１ Ｙ３３１ Ｙ３１１ Ｙ２２１ Ｙ２３１ Ｙ３２２ Ｙ２１１ Ｙ３１２ Ｙ２２２ Ｙ２３２
Ｙ１３２
Ｙ２３１
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FEA results
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12. Average torque is more affected by back-emf than by saliency.
As the pole angle grows, the average torque and back- electromotive force (emf) also increased, but the saliency and maximum stress are reduced.
Average torque is more affected by back-emf than by saliency.
When the number of bridges is three in the second layer of the permanent magnet, the average torque and back-emf are largest.
As the number of magnet layers increases, saliency is generally increased, but the average torque and back- emf tend to decrease.
由於極角的增長，平均扭矩和反向電動勢
力（EMF）也有所增加，但是顯著性和
最大應力被降低。
•平均扭矩更受反電動勢比
顯著性。
•當橋的數量是3中的第二層
永久磁鐵的平均轉矩和反電動勢
是最大的。
•作為磁鐵層數量的增加，顯著性通常是
增加，但平均轉矩和反電動勢趨向降低。
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13. Rotor-Shape Optimization
The aim of the rotor optimization is to secure electrical performance and mechanical strength. In addition, the amount of PM should be minimized. Accordingly, as shown in Fig, the design parameters based on the results of the experimental design are chosen for the optimization.
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14. Table V is applied to make an approximate model of each response
表所示的中心組合設計
被施加到每一響應的近似模型
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15. Which is a set of statistical and mathematical techniques used to find the best fitting response of the physical system through experiment or simulation, is used as an optimization method.
這是一組統計和數學
技術用來找到的最佳擬合響應
通過實驗或模擬系統，被用作
優化方法。
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16. The response surface of each approximate model is shown in Fig.
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17. The final results of the optimization are given in Table VI, and the accuracy of the models is verified through the table.
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18. Test Results And Discussion
The fabricated IPMSM are exhibited in Fig. 4. In order to verify the performance of the IPMSM, tests are carried out as shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 4 Configurations of fabricated IPMSM. (a) Rotor. (b) Rotor assembly. (c) Air blower.
Fig. 5. Testing apparatus for air-blower system test.
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19. Test results of the air-blower system. (a) Input current
Test results of the air-blower system. (a) Input current. (b) System efficiency. (c) Air-blower efficiency.
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20. Losses obtained by characteristics analysis
Losses obtained by characteristics analysis. (a) At r/min (top) and r/min (bottom). (b) At r/min (top) and r/min (bottom).
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21. The efficiency of the IPMSM is high due to a relatively small core loss before r/min. After the speed, as the load rises, the influence of copper loss is dominant due to an increase of input current. At this time, the mechanical loss of the SPMSM and IPMSM is not considered, because their rotor sizes are the same.
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22. Conclusion
Even though current vector control is required to obtain maximum torque, the overall efficiency measured in the IPMSM is better than that of the SPMSM. In addition, the amount of permanent magnet actually used in the IPMSM is reduced by approximately 53% than the SPMSM.
即使電流矢量控制是必需的，以獲得最大的轉矩，在所述永磁同步電動機測得的總效率比SPMSM的更好。此外，永久磁鐵的永磁同步電機中實際使用的量是由比SPMSM約53％降低。
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23. References
[1] A. Binder, T. Schneider, and M. Klohr, “Fixation of buried and surface-mounted magnets in high-speed permanent magnet synchronousmachines,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 1031–1037, Jul./Aug
[2] A. M. EL-Refaie, R. Manzke, and T. M. Jahns, “Application of bi-statemagnetic material to automotive offset-couple IPM starter/alternatormachine,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.., vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 717–725, May/Jun
[3] E. C. Lovelace, T. M. Jahns, T. A. Keim, and J. H. Lang, “Mechanicaldesign considerations for conventionally laminated, high-speed, interiorPM synchronous machine rotors,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 40,no. 3, pp. 806–812, May/Jun
[4] J. M. Park, S. I. Kim, J. P. Hong, and J. H. Lee, “Rotor design ontorque ripple reduction for a synchronous reluctance motor with concentratedwinding using response surface methodology,” IEEE Trans.Magn., vol. 42, no. 10, pp. 3479–3481, Oct
[5] B. H. Lee, S. O. Kwon, T. Sun, J. P. Hong, G. H. Lee, and J. Hur,“Modeling of core loss resistance for d-q equivalent circuit analysis ofIPMSM considering harmonic linkage flux,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol.47, no. 5, pp. 1066–1069, May 2011.
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24. Thanks for listening
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25. 凸極效應
若永磁馬達的磁鐵埋在轉子中，磁鐵可以受到轉子的保護， 在高速運轉時不會有磁鐵脫落的問題但轉子需有一空洞要 置入磁鐵，而轉子的材質為矽鋼，磁導率遠高於磁鐵，因 此磁鐵部份可視為一個額外的氣隙，轉子和定子間的氣隙 會有周期性的變化，即凸極效應，因此產生的轉矩中有磁 阻轉矩成份，其效率較高。
Robot and Servo Drive Lab.
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