1. Ozone Programmes under the Multilateral Fund (MLF) M. Surkov MPU/Chemicals

2. Ozone hole: Reference: www.nasa.org; www.unep.orgwww.nasa.orgwww.unep.org

3. Effects of ozone depletion: Increased UV radiation is a cancer factor (skin cancer, eye cataracts) Microscopic life in the surface ocean is susceptible to UV rays, therefore, with increased exposure the food chain is impacted Crop effects: disintegrating bacteria responsible for nitrogen uptake

4. Chemicals responsible: Chlouroflourocarbons (CFCs) Halons Carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform Methyl bromide (MBr) Non-corrosive, non-flammable, performance Substances find various applications in industries: cooling agents, propellants, fire retardants, solvents, foam-blowing agents, pesticides (MBr)

5. CFCs phase-out schedules: References: Handbook on the Montreal protocol (seventh edition), UNEP, 2006

6. UNDP/Montreal Protocol Unit/Chemicals UNDP was designated by the MLF to work on ozone programmes along with WB, UNEP, and UNIDO UNDP concentrated its efforts on a diverse set of programmes: investment components (converting production lines/end-user sectors), solvents, foam blowing sectors, fire extinguishing, methyl bromide applications in agriculture Up to 2007: around US$ 0.5 bln allocated More than 1,800 different projects since the inception of the programme

7. Projects in Europe/CIS GEF supported: -9 countries with around US$ 23 mln MLF supported: - 3 countries with around US$ 2 mln

8. Future of the Montreal Protocol According to phase-out schedules the use of basic CFCs should be close to ZERO on January 1, 2010. A few remaining substances: methyl bromide and methyl chloroform will be phased out after the end of 2014 Essential CFC uses for MDIs And HCFCs will be phased-out in: References: Handbook on the Montreal protocol (seventh edition), UNEP, 2006

9. HCFCs phase-out schedules: References: Handbook on the Montreal protocol (seventh edition), UNEP, 2006

10. Current and possible future work with the MLF: Phase-out of HCFCs November’06, India: at 51 st Meeting of ExCom a “green-light” was given to work on CFC-based metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) Destruction of accumulated ODS wastes (pending to the result of a research started)