1. APUSH Review
Colonial America

2. First European Contact with Native Americans
Iroquois Confederacy:
Political & language differences hindered Native Americans as they attempted to respond to the threat posed by the European colonists
Iroquois were the most important & powerful Native American political alliance. Successfully ended generations of tribal warfare.
Trade and Columbian Exchange:
Exchange of foods, plants, animals & diseases between Europeans and Natives
Native Americans who interacted with the English became dependent on the fur trade
Smallpox, influenza and measles decimated the Native population

3. Similarities & Differences between Native Americans & English settlers
Natives don’t share English concept of private property
Native children are often part of mother’s clan (matrilineal)
Similarities:
Both live in village communities
Both sense strong sense of spirituality
Both divide labor by gender
Both depend on agricultural economies

4. Plantation Colonies Virginia Colony Joint Stock Company
Primary goal to make profit
Religious motivation was much less important than in founding of Maryland (Catholic), Pennsylvania (Quakers), Rhode Island (freedom of religion) and Massachusetts (Puritans)
Tobacco: made Chesapeake colonies survive
By mid 1700s tobacco is the most valuable cash crop produced in Southern states

5. Plantation Colonies & Growth of Slavery
From Servitude to Slavery in the Chesapeake Region :
Indentured servants played key role in the growth of tobacco system in VA & MD. Chief source of agricultural labor
Planters in VA & MD used the “headright” system to encourage importation of indentured servants. Pay passage-get 50 addtl acres
Number of slaves increased dramatically in the last quarter of the 17th century
Slave labor in colonial VA spread rapidly in the late 17th century as Blacks displaced white indentured servants

6. Bacon’s Rebellion
Exposed tensions between the former indentured servants, who were poor, and the gentry (planter class) who were rich
Planters became more suspicious of their former indentured servants & turned to slaves as more reliable sources of labor

7. Growth of Plantation Economies & Slave Societies 1690-1754
Slavery developed & spread because the cultivation of tobacco required inexpensive labor
Slavery legally established in all 13 colonies by the early 1700s
Although enslaved, Africans maintained cultural practices brought from Africa
Rice was the most important crop grown in SC during the mid 18th century
Stono Rebellion was one of the earliest known acts of rebellion against slavery in America-SC slaves tried to flee to Spanish FL

8. Puritans
Key Facts:
Came to New England in family groups to escape religious restrictions, political repression and an economic recession
Leader was John Winthrop
Lived in small villages surrounded by farmland
Close relationship between church & state
Wanted trained ministry

9. Puritans and City on the Hill
Model Christian society with a sense of mission
Strict moral conduct
Religious freedom?- did not tolerate religious dissent- kicked out Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson
HINT- APUSH writers admire dissidents & think you should know them too.
Half way covenant=Puritan zeal lessens. Eases church membership requirements & allows baptism of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans

10. First Great Awakening KEY POINTS! New Light ministers:
Took form of wave of religious revivals that began in New England in the 1730s
“New Light” ministers advocated an emotional approach to religious practice. This weakens the authority of traditional “Old Light” ministers and established churches
New Light ministers:
Promoted growth of New Light institutions (Princeton)
Sparked renewed missionary spirit that led to the conversion of many slaves
Led to greater appreciation for the emotional experiences of faith
Led to divisions within both the Presbyterian and Congregational churches, resulting in religious diversity
Led to growing popularity of itinerant ministers
Led to increase in number of women in church congregations
HINT- Don’t forget about the First Great Awakening- has appeared on 5 of the last 6 released exams. Close attention to the consequences of the First Great Awakening.

11. Penn & Quakers William Penn
Liberal colony w/ representative assembly elected by landowners
Freedom of religion
Quakers:
Pacifists- carried no guns
Advocated freedom of worship & greater role for women in services
Opposed slavery & first abolotionists