1. Chapter 3: Early Native American Society

2. The history of early Native Americans is generally divided into what 4 periods? 1. Paleo 2. Archaic Woodland Mississippian

3. The earliest Americans crossed a land bridge from what is now Siberia into Alaska.

4. These Paleo Indians followed large animals like mammoths and mastodons.

5. They hunted these animals for food and clothing.

6. Archaic Period During this period, the climate became warmer and drier and the large animals died out.

7. The Native Americans had to adjust to their environment, and they became less nomadic.

8. They hunted smaller animals with spears.

9. We know very little about them because they had no writing system, but we do know that they used stone tools.

10. The Woodland tribes built mounds for what purpose? What were they often shaped as? They were built as burial mounds. They were often shaped as animals.

11. Where did these moundbuilders live? Near rivers and streams

12. Once these moundbuilders learned how to farm, they no longer solely depended on hunting and gathering.

13. These moundbuilders produced many different styles of pottery.

14. What type of tools did they use? Copper and stone tools.

15. What does the presence of copper tell us about these tribes? That they must have been a part of a wide-ranging trade system.

16. At the end of the Woodland period, they began to use the bow and arrow.

17. The Mississippian culture built mounds for what purpose? Religious buildings and the homes of chiefs were built on top.

18. In the Natchez tribe, who lived on top of one of these mounds? The Great Sun (the chief)

19. What surrounded the Mississippians’ villages? Wooden fences

20. Where were their villages located and why? Near rivers and streams because of the fertile soil.

21. What were the major crops of the Mississippians? Corn, beans, and squash

22. Native American Societies The three largest tribes that existed in Mississippi were: Natchez, Choctaw, and Chickasaw.

23. How was each village governed? Through representatives who were elected to a tribal council.

24. A strict chain of command regulated issues such as… Titles of individuals Seating at the council Tattoos a man may have

25. Within each village were several clans, which are groups of related families.

26. Responsibilities of the Clan: Approved marriages Punished criminals Protected each other Sought revenge

27. Family Life These tribes practiced exogamy, marrying outside of the clan.

28. When a couple got married, whose family did they live closest to, and who was a boy’s closest male relative? A couple always lived closest to the woman’s family. A boy’s closest male relative was his mother’s brother (his uncle).

29. Explain polygyny When a man has more than one wife.

30. What crops did these tribes raise? Corn Pumpkins Beans Peas

31. What were the responsibilities of men and women? Men: hunting, fighting, building, and clearing land. Women: planting, pottery, and gathering food.

32. Religion and Recreation The religious beliefs of Native Americans centered around: the sun and sacred fires.

33. Native Americans believed in many spirits associated with nature and animals.

34. What are two of the games that Native Americans played? Stickball Chunky

35. In the Natchez tribe, what type of authority did the Great Sun have? All political and religious authority

36. What happened when the Great Sun died? Some of his wives and other tribe members would be killed and buried with him.