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Motivation and Emotion
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Motivational Theories Motivation: Goal directed behavior Should I get off the couch and do my homework?
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Homeostasis State of equilibrium or stability Your body temperature
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Drive Theory An internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce this tension ( Push ) Internal Tensions – a disruption of preferred equilibrium I’m HUNGRY!!!!
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Drive Reduction Motivations to reduce drive Drive: I’m Hungry!!! Drive Reduction: Eat
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Incentive An external goal that has the capacity to motivate behavior $, grades, friends, love, and many more
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Biological Social Hunger Thirst Sex Body Temperature Excreting Sleep Activity Aggression Achievement Affiliation Autonomy Nurturing Dominance Exhibition Order Play
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Hunger - Biological Brain – Hypothalamus Lateral – on switch Ventromedial Nucleus – off switch Arcuate Nucleus – may do both Digestion – food converted into glucose Hormonal Regulation – Insulin, Leptin
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Discuss these topics Environmental Factors in Hunger Obesity Sexual Motivation: Gender Differences Sexual Orientation
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Environment & Hunger Food Availability & Cues - Palatability: Taste - Quantity - Variety - Presence of others
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Environment & Hunger Learned Preferences - Different cultures - Innate: sweets & high fat foods - Observation: Children
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Obesity 33% of Americans Evolutionary Perspective: Ancients need food Genetic: Adoption Studies Food & Exercise
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Obesity Debate Judith Rodin ( 1981 ) Sights, Sounds, Smells can elicit insulin secretions = Hunger Not all over weight people sensitive to external cues
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Obesity Debate Externality Hypothesis – Stanley Schacter ( 1968 ) - Obese are over sensitive to external cues and insensitive to internal physiological cues
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OBESE DEBATE Herman & Polivy ( 2008 ) - Normative Cues: socially appropriate - Sensory Cues: Characteristics of the food. ( Obese )
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Obese Debate Set Point Dieters regain / People who try to gain will lose - Keesey, 1993
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Gender & Sex Parental Investment Men want more partners and younger woman as they age Women more cautious
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