1. Exploring the Self Chapter 13, Lecture 6 “Accept yourself and you’ll find it easier to accept others. Disparage yourself and you will be prone to the floccinaucinihilipilification of others.” - David Myers

2. Exploring the Self Research on the self has a long history because the self organizes thinking, feelings, and actions and is a critical part of our personality. 1.Research focuses on the different selves we possess. Some we dream and others we dread. 2.Research studies how we overestimate our concern that others evaluate our appearance, performance, and blunders (spotlight effect).

3. Benefits of Self-Esteem Maslow and Rogers argued that a successful life results from a healthy self-image (self- esteem). The following are two reasons why low self-esteem results in personal problems. 1.When self-esteem is deflated, we view ourselves and others critically. 2.Low self-esteem reflects reality, our failure in meeting challenges, or surmounting difficulties.

4. Culture & Self-Esteem People maintain their self-esteem even with a low status by valuing things they achieve and comparing themselves to people with similar positions.

5. Measuring Self-Esteem Can you think of a single test item that would accurately measure a person’s self-esteem?... Enter the SISE!!! (Single-Item Measure of Self-Esteem)

6. Self-Serving Bias The powerful self-serving bias describes our readiness to perceive ourselves favorably. Defensive self- esteem is fragile and egotistic whereas secure self-esteem is less fragile and less dependent on external evaluation.

7. Self-Serving Bias Important research findings (in summary): People accept more responsibility for good deeds than for bad, and for successes than for failures. Most people see themselves as better than average.

8. Homework Study! “…an adolescent or adult with a swelled head that gets deflated by insult is potentially dangerous.” “Threatened egoism, more than low self-esteem, it seems, predisposes aggression.” - David Myers