1. Understanding Assignment Questions : Propositions and Assumptions Louise Livesey Academic Skills Adviser This workshop will... −Provide information on key words in set questions −Define propositions and assumptions and show how to identify them −Explain how to answer questions containing propositions and assumptions 13 January, 2015Academic Skills Advice1

2. The Plan… 1.What markers want 2.What is an assumption? 3.What is a proposition? 13 January, 2015Academic Skills Advice2

3. Decipher and unpick the question/task code by: Finding the key words Defining the key words Addressing the key words Don’t forget AND 1.What markers want 13 January, 2015Academic Skills Advice3

4. Keys to unlock the questions Critically analyticAction expected  Account for  Explain You would clarify why something is as it is, or what happened in any given situation.  Discuss  Examine  Explore  Evaluate  Consider  Interpret  Comment on If you see any of these command terms you are expected to identify and explain the main features of the subject under discussion, including the main theories, ideas, models, or practices underpinning the topic. If applicable, you would be expected to know of and weigh up any counter-arguments and to make connections between different ideas, models, or practices.  Analyse  Criticise This involves a detailed scrutiny of the topic in question. This could include explaining the origins, structure, organisation, or development of the topic in question, the positive and negative features of it, and the connections between theories, ideas, models, and practices. You would also demonstrate your awareness of any flaws in particular points of view, and your knowledge of alternative viewpoints.  Justify This involves making out a case and giving reasons to support a particular viewpoint, position, judgement, or decision against other possibilities.  Compare and contrast  Distinguish between This involves a close study of the differences between one idea, phenomena, or situation, and another. You would need to identify the structure or features of one and make comparisons with another. You may be required to make a judgement on which is more applicable or relevant for the situation in question. 13 January, 2015Academic Skills Advice4 1.What markers want

5. A point of view or statement: taken for granted Your task: doubt the assumption; ask questions to see if it is true or not 2.What is an assumption? 13 January, 2015Academic Skills Advice5

6. ‘What is the difference between a conductor and an insulator? Give experimental evidence for the descriptions that you give, and account for these descriptions using a microscopic model of the material.’ Assumption : Conductors and insulators are different What’s expected of you: Distinguish between conductors and insulators using evidence, reach a conclusion 13 January, 2015Academic Skills Advice6 2.What is an assumption?

7. ‘The economic prosperity of any nation is dependent on the quality of its human resources: discuss.’ Assumption : Possible to measure quality of nation’s HR and achievement of economic prosperity is a goal for all What’s expected of you: Define ‘economic prosperity’ and ways to measure; formulate idea of quality of HR and how judged, consider if quality of HR is most appropriate method of measuring economic prosperity, compare and contrast other markers 13 January, 2015Academic Skills Advice7 2.What is an assumption?

8. ‘Evaluate the concerns that for all the talk of a new flexible workforce the reality is somewhat more contradictory and problematic.’ Assumption: ‘Reality’ IS more ‘contradictory and problematic’. What’s expected of you: Define flexible work practices, geographical parameters, discuss evolution, scales and extent of flexi-working practices today, discuss perceptions and expectations of workers and businesses Activity 1: Assumption-spotting 13 January, 2015Academic Skills Advice8 2.What is an assumption?

9. A definite point of view or statement: a direct statement, or indirect underpinning of the statement in question. Your task: ask questions to see if it holds true entirely, in part or not at all. 3.What is a proposition? 13 January, 2015Academic Skills Advice9

10. ‘Evaluate the impact of the internet on practices for recruitment and selection employed by firms.’ Proposition : Internet has had an impact What’s expected of you: Decide importance of impact, weigh up value of `net v other ways. Different-sized organisations 13 January, 2015Academic Skills Advice10 3.What is a proposition?

11. ‘It can be said that the long-standing nature-nurture argument about the development of human behaviour still rages today. Some theorists take the position that behaviour is attributable to generic factors, while others argue that environmental factors are responsible. Explore this issue, with reference to relevant theorists and commentators.’ Proposition : Discuss polarities and if convergence What’s expected of you: Define terms, introduce arguments, influence of other disciplines, and if a convergence, relationship and dynamics between nature/nurture 13 January, 2015Academic Skills Advice11 3.What is a proposition?

12. Activity 2: Proposition DIY Work in pairs Choose a bullet-pointed subject from the list Create a question containing a proposition 13 January, 2015Academic Skills Advice12 3.What is a proposition?

13. Neville, C. (2009) How to improve your assignment results. Maidenhead: OUP. Statement: Assumptions (2014) [online] Available at: http://fi.ge.pgstatic.net/attachments/2d80fd3b0901439f bd2cdf446835e216.pdf [Accessed 24.7.2014] http://fi.ge.pgstatic.net/attachments/2d80fd3b0901439f bd2cdf446835e216.pdf All visuals are from Clip Art References 13 January, 2015Academic Skills Advice13

14. Academic Skills Advice Service Where are we? Chesham Building B0.23 What do we do? Support undergraduate students with their academic skills by running clinics and workshops, having bookable appointment slots, and enabling students to drop-in for Instant Action. Who are we? Michael and Helen specialise in Maths Support; Lucy and Russell advise students on study skills; and I (Louise) deliver the workshops When can you come for help? Everyday both face to face and on-line How do I get in touch? Email: academic- skills@brad.ac.uk or website www.brad.ac.uk/academic-skillsacademic- skills@brad.ac.uk 13 January, 2015Academic Skills Advice14

15. Any questions? 13 January, 2015Academic Skills Advice15