2. A Capital Idea! The Uses and Rules of CAPITALIZATION

3. It may seem simple, but… Almost everyone can tell you one rule about capitalization….but it’s not as simple as it seems… Can you name one capitalization rule? Now try to guess how many errors there are in these examples…

4. 1.Dr. Goldberger traveled through the Southern part of pennsylvania to get to the conference on victorian poetry. 2. "Wait," He said, "Until the Huskies have won a few games." How did you do? 1.Dr. Goldberger traveled through the southern part of Pennsylvania to get to the conference on Victorian poetry. 2. "Wait," he said, "until the Huskies have won a few games."

5. Like everything in grammar, there are rules for where to place capitals. Capitalize the first word of every sentence -- unless that sentence is in parentheses incorporated within another sentence. Ex: He crept into the room (without making any noise) and crawled into bed.

6. Always Always capitalize the personal pronoun I Ex: “I thought I saw a puddy-tat,” said Tweety, “I did I did saw a puddy-tat” Capitalize the names of family relations when they are used as substitutes for names: Ex: I went to visit Uncle Ted and Aunt Margaret. Grandma and Grandpa live with Dad and Mom now. My m om and d ad went shopping with my a unt and u ncle.

7. In titles, capitalize the first, last, and all important words. Ex: The Haunting of Hawthorne The Giver Gone with the Wind Usually, we don’t capitalize articles, prepositions, and coordinating conjunctions. and a if the on

8. Proper Nouns Capitalize names of specific persons, places, geographical locations as well as time periods. Ex: My brother Francesco, who used to live in Montreal, Quebec and write books about Ancient Egypt, now lives in South Africa. But don’t capitalize directions: Ex: I went up n orth, for the weekend. He lives s outh of Papineau Street.

9. Capitalize names of days of the week, months, and holidays. Ex: Valentines Day, which is always on February 14, fell on Monday this year. But not the season: Ex: Easter is a holiday in s pring and Christmas is a holiday in w inter.

10. Capitalize the names of historical events. Ex: World War I and World War II took place in the twentieth century. Capitalize the names of religions and religious terms. Ex: Christians, Jews and Muslims all believe in one God. Egyptians believe in many g ods. The g od of water in Ancient Greek mythology is called Poseidon..

11. Capitalize the names of nations, nationalities, languages, and words based on such words. Ex: Africa, Swedish, English muffin, Irish stew, Japanese, Italian leather, French horn We usually don’t capitalize “white” or “black” - There are very few b lacks and w hites in this predominantly A sian community.

12. Capitalize the names of academic courses (subjects in school) when they’re used as specific courses, usually they are followed by a number. Ex: David took Physics 101, but he did much better in his e conomics and English literature courses. He enjoys his m ath, m usic, b iology and Spanish classes too. Capitalize brand names… Ex: Advil, Puma, Nike, Tide, BMW, etc.

13. Capitalize titles when they come before names, but not usually after a name. Ex: Principal LaCroce and Vice- principal Shetler were liked by the students. The d ean of m athematics, Mr. Smart, was responsible for all the math tests given to the students.

14. Other CAPITALIZATION resources : Lessons: 1.Guide to Grammar: http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/capitals.htm http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/capitals.htm 2.Sentence sense: http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/sensen/part1/six/caps _capital.html http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/sensen/part1/six/caps _capital.html 3.Grammar Book: http://www.grammarbook.com/punctuation/capital. asp http://www.grammarbook.com/punctuation/capital. asp Quizzes: 1.http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/cgi- shl/par_numberless_quiz.pl/caps_quiz.htmhttp://www.ccc.commnet.edu/cgi- shl/par_numberless_quiz.pl/caps_quiz.htm 2.http://www.grammarbook.com/punctuation/exercise s/capital1.asphttp://www.grammarbook.com/punctuation/exercise s/capital1.asp 3.http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/sensen/part1/six/caps _app1.htmlhttp://www.ccc.commnet.edu/sensen/part1/six/caps _app1.html