2. Research in the line of Higher Education Commission (HEC) Index Servicing Dr. Ayub Mehar Director General The Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FPCCI) Karachi: Jinnah University for Women March 28 th, 2009

3. Modeling the Economic Development – R&D Activities & Higher Education

4. Share of Knowledge-based Products in Global Trade TYPE OF COMMODITYTwenty years ago Now High Technology11%22% Medium Technology22%32% Low Technology21%18% Resource Based11% Other Primary Goods34%13% Miscellaneous1%4%

5. Innovation’s Phases WavePeriodInventions First Wave1785-1845Water Power; Textiles; Iron Second Wave1845-1900Steam Rail, Steel. Third Wave1900-1950Electricity, Chemicals, Internal combustion Engine Fourth Wave1950-1990Petrochemicals, Electronics, Aviation Fifth Wave1990-2020Digital Networks, Software,New Media.

6. Research Environment Entrance Requirement Economy Size & Structure Political Security, Efficiency & Influences Corporate Ethics, Accountability & Management Structure Investment Financial Resources (Savings) Quality of Faculty and Students Higher Education & Training Innovations and Knowledge Creation Corporate & Political Governances Technological Readiness Business Sophistication Business Competitiveness Links Between Corporate & Political Governances, Higher Education and Business Competitiveness (Simultaneity in the Model)

7. Economic Development and Knowledge Based Activities CountryGDP ($bill.) Exports ($ billion) Expenditures for R & D (% of GDP) Researchers in R & D per million people Scientific & Technical Journals Articles Royalties Received ($ Million) 2006 2000-05 2006 Egypt107130.19 493 1,658138 France22484902.13 3320 303096230 Germany289611122.5 3242 441455888 India9121200.61 119 14608112 Israel140464.95 1613 6309596 Japan43686503.18 5294 5547120096 Malaysia1511610.63 509 61526 Pakistan127170.43 80 49253 Turkey403850.67 469 78150 United King. 23774481.75 2706 4557213588 United Stat.1316410382.68 4605 20532062378

8. Share of Knowledge-based Products in Global Trade Knowledge-based technology has the largest share in world trade basket. Scientific development is an outcome of the knowledge-creating activities in the universities. This scientific development produces innovations, inventions and technological advancements. If a country wants to achieve the higher growth targets, it will have to create the links between academic institutions, industrial units, and economic planning. Innovation is the final output of academic research. The most important step in creating a research and innovation environment is to promote higher education and research activities in academia.

9. Modeling the Economic Development Economic growth is considered as the blackest of the many black boxes in economics. However, the common ingredient for the higher growth is the innovations and new technology. In fact, the sources of competitive strength are never constant for long. The sustainability in knowledge creating activities leads the economic development through inventions and technological advancement. America's success has been sustained because of the harmonization between academia, industrial management and macro economic policy making.

10. Transformation of Knowledge into Economic Profits Economic growth, technological advancement, scientific development, knowledge creating activities and academic research are jointly determined factors. The academic research is ultimately transformed into economic growth. If we want to achieve the higher growth targets, we will to develop the linkages between the academic institutions, industrial units and economic planning. The dependency of economic development on academic research, innovations and technological advancement has multi dimensional linkages and inter- dependency between the availability of fiscal resources and accelerated marketable technological advancement.

11. Transformation of Knowledge into Economic Profits (Cont..) Average return on successful innovations was 56 % as compared to the 7 % average return on normal business activities all over the world during the last 30 years. (Ref: Stanford University) The creation and utilization of knowledge is the key element to promote the technological advancement and as well economic development. First, the ideas are submitted in the universities, where scientists, researchers, or economists test and verify the originality and usefulness of those ideas. Out of 300 submitted ideas, one hundred are converted only into small projects at the research institutes of the universities and only eight ideas are reached at the stage of large projects. The industrialists and large business organizations provide funds for research for those projects to get the research outcomes for commercialization. (Ref: Economic Intelligence Unit, London)

12. Final Equation of the Knowledge Based- Growth Model To accelerate the economic growth and to develop the meaningful relations with the industry, university faculties have to find the new technologies. They have to create new ideas; they have to formulate new theories and procedures. All of those are the parts and elements of the knowledge creating activities.

13. Pakistan was one the 162 countries which contributed less than 2 percent of the research papers in total (0.08 percent). Japan was in the fourth rank and India was 22nd. The deterioration in economics and technology is a natural consequence of this phenomenon. Missing Links in Pakistani Scenario Cont..

14. Academia in Pakistan has failed to develop linkages with the industry and there is no sign of creativity of knowledge to develop the industrial and trade activities. One can find at least three missing links in the system of higher education in Pakistan: 1. First missing link can be observed between the strategy for promotion of research culture and the curriculum. The policy for the development of academic research and the system of examinations work in opposite directions. The system emphasizes the memorization of texts and mechanical use of the concepts and formulas. This problem was created because of the stereotype lectures and the extensive use of the study guides and short notes. Cont..

15. 2.The second missing link is the disconnection of research degrees with knowledge creation. The system checks only the ritual requirements. It cannot verify the objectivity, originality and acceptability of research work. Such degrees will increase the number of PhD degree holders only. They cannot create knowledge for economic development. 3.Third missing link is between the academic research and economic development. To convert the knowledge into economic development, universities lead (do not follow) the industry. It is a notable difference between the role of higher education and vocational education that higher education institutions lead the industries because they work for future. They innovate, invent and develop the new products, process and systems with the help of new ideas and knowledge advancement. While, vocational education supplies the workers and qualified professionals for the existing system.

16. Pakistan’s Competitiveness in the World (Ranking) CountryTechnology Index Public Institutions Index Global Competitive ness Index Higher education and training Business Competitive Index Pakistan877410112373 China6255466447 India6353556330 Korea941291224 Malaysia2738313523 Thailand4345345137 Brazil4250575838 Turkey5263667252 Finland33112 USA121251

17. Dissemination of Research

18. From Ideas to Marketing STAGEACTIVITYQUANTUM OF ACTIVITIES 1 st StepUnwritten Raw Ideas3000 2 nd StepIdeas Submitted for Publications 300 3 rd StepSmall projects100 4 th StepLarge Developments8 5 th StepMajor Developments4 6 th StepLaunches2 7 th StepSuccess1

19. DISSEMINATION PROCESS Sources of Information for Required Topics : Newspapers, Magazines & Industry/Trade Journal Observations / Data Sources Text Books (For previous Knowledge, techniques & methods Academic / Referred Journals (original / primary & applied research) Professional Journals Abstract Journals (e.g. JEL, ECONLIT) Citation Indexes (e.g. ISI, REPEC ) Impact Factor, Ranking of the Institutions

20. COUNTRY INDICATORS S.No.CountryDocuments Citable Documents CitesSelf-Cites Cites per Doc. H index 1United States172,662165,016877,765467,8355.43143 2United Kingdom60,69157,808251,408109,2114.9290 3Canada22,34321,63297,97325,6205.2376 4Australia17,13916,62361,03117,1574.3850 5Germany15,40614,93944,98412,8713.3759 6Netherlands10,95410,66350,53913,5755.6560 7France10,44910,14625,9886,8313.0344 8China6,4446,3938,7864,1052.5730 9Japan6,0855,99115,4604,3683.0833 10Spain5,6395,56716,1294,4163.9835 11India4,5604,4157,1142,1701.8525 12Pakistan7066169523061.7714 Retrieved from: http://www.scimagojr.com. SCImago Research Group, Copyright 2007. Data Source: Scopus®

21. ABSTRACTS AND CITATIONS ISI THOMSON REPEC/IDEAS SOCIAL SCIENCES ABSTRACTS CABBEL

22. ONLINE LIBRARIES JSTOR GDNET INOMICS OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS

23. List Ranking methods by IDEAS S.No. Ranking Methods 1 NbWorks : Number of Works 2 DNbWorks : Number of Distinct Works 3 ScWorks : Number of Distinct Works, Weighted by Simple Impact Factor 4 WScWorks : Number of Distinct Works, Weighted by Recursive Impact Factor 5 ANbWorks : Number of Distinct Works, Weighted by Number of Authors 6 AScWorks : Number of Distinct Works, Weighted by Number of Authors and Simple Impact Factors 7 AWScWorks : Number of Distinct Works, Weighted by Number of Authors and Recursive Impact Factors 8 NbCites : Number of Citations 9 DCites : Number of Citations, Discounted by Citation Age 10 ScCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Simple Impact Factor 11 DScCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Simple Impact Factor, Discounted by Citation Age 12 WScCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Recursive Impact Factor 13 WDScCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Recursive Impact Factor, Discounted by Citation Age 14 ANbCite s: Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors 15 ADCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors, Discounted by Citation Age 16 AScCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors and Simple Impact Factors Cont…..

24. S.No. Ranking Methods 17 ADScCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors and Simple Impact Factors, Discounted by Citation Age 18 AWScCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors and Recursive Impact Factors 19 AWDScCites : Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors and Recursive Impact Factors, Discounted by Citation Age 20 HIndex : h, where author has written h papers that have each been cited at least h times 21 NCAuthors : Number of Registered Citing Authors 22 RCAuthors : Number of Registered Citing Authors, Weighted by Rank (Max. 1 per Author) 23 NbPages : Number of Journal Pages 24 ScPages : Number of Journal Pages, Weighted by Simple Impact Factor 25 WScPages : Number of Journal Pages, Weighted by Recursive Impact Factor 26 ANbPages : Number of Journal Pages, Weighted by Number of Authors 27 AScPages : Number of Journal Pages, Weighted by Number of Authors and Simple Impact Factors 28 AWScPages : Number of Journal Pages, Weighted by Number of Authors and Recursive Impact Factors 29 AbsViews : Number of Abstract Views in RePEc Services over the past 12 months 30 Downloads : Number of Downloads through RePEc Serices over the past 12 months 31 AAbsViews : Number of Abstract Views in RePEc Services over the past 12 months, Weighted by Number of Authors 32 ADownloads : Number of Downloads through RePEc Serices over the past 12 months, Weighted by Number of Authors List Ranking methods by IDEAS

25. Countries and States Ranking by IDEAS Cont….. Rank Country or State Score Nb Works DNb Works Sc Works WSc Works ANb Works ASc Works AWSc Works Nb Cites D Cites Sc Cites 1 Massachusetts (United States) 1.358821711111 2 United Kingdom 1.731113123223 3 California (United States) 2.585632432332 4 New York (United States) 4.3491044844444 5 Illinois (United States) 6.114 751365555 6Germany6.962210 29 8712 7 District of Columbia (United States) 7.19101187 87666 8Canada7.457756656910 9France7.684469579789 10Italy8.28339113101210911 55India53.51474556553953 61 63 82Pakistan82.8573 9178718978879589

26. Countries and States Ranking by IDEAS Cont….. Country or State DSc Cites WSc Cites WDSc Cites ANb Cites AD Cites ASc Cites ADSc Cites AWSc Cites AWDSc Cites H Index Inca thors RCAu thors Massachusetts (United States) 111111111121 United Kingdom 343323343212 California (United States) 222232222333 New York (United States) 434444434444 Illinois (United States) 555555555565 Germany9121177 689 District of Columbia (United States) 666666666856 Canada109 89999916108 France8108 8 1177 Italy121112111012 9910 India62616460 616062 6061 Pakistan9389938893909391931119392

27. Countries and States Ranking by IDEAS Country or State Nb Pages Sc Pages WSc Pages ANb Pages ASc Pages AWSc Pages Abs Views Down loads AAbs Views ADown loads Massachusetts (United States) 3213212222 United Kingdom 1121121111 California (United States) 2332334433 New York (United States) 7445447665 Illinois (United States) 1355 55 12 Germany612 611123344 District of Columbia (United States) 1188 8810998 Canada4664669108 France8778776777 Italy591079 5556 India535860535759383930 Pakistan75919077909161605755

28. Research Output from Pakistan S.No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In 2008 Universities 1 Quaid-e-AzamUniversity 409 544 2 University of Karachi 276 419 3 Aga Khan University 186 311 4 University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 252 310 5 University of The Punjab 162 278 6 Govt. College University 97 154 7 COMSATS Institute of Information Technology 92 149 8 University of Sargodha 38 115 9 University of Sind, Jamshoro 59 105 10 University of Peshawar 77 97 11 Bahauddin Zakariya University 50 92 12 National University of Science & Technology 48 92 13 University of Arid Agriculture 49 87 14 University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore 38 55 15 DOW University of Health Sciences 11 49 16 GIK Institute of Engineering Science & Technology 16 46 17 University of Baluchistan 28 40 18 Islamia University 22 40 19 NWFP Agricultural University 20 29 20 Lahore University of Management Sciences 19 27 Cont…

29. Research Output from Pakistan S. No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In 2008 21 University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences 11 26 22 Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology 07 26 23 Gomal University 12 24 Ziauddin Medical University 07 24 25 King Edward Medical University 12 23 26 Kohat University of Science & Technology 06 23 27 Baqai Medical University 11 22 28 International Islamic University 05 21 29 Lahore College for Women University 07 19 30 Sindh Agriculture University 12 18 31 University of Science & Technology, Bannu 06 18 32 Hazara University NONE 17 33 University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir 13 15 34 University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila 13 15 35 University of Health Sciences 05 14 36 Allama Iqbal Open University 09 12 37 ISRA University 05 11 38 Shah Abdul Latif University 05 11 39 Foundation University 04 11 40 Khyber Medical University 04 11 Cont…

30. S.No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In 2008 41 Fatima Jinnah Women University 03 11 42 National Textile University 03 11 43 NED University of Engineering & Technology 08 10 44 NWFP University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar 06 10 45 Mohammad Ali Jinnah University 09 46 Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences 06 09 47 University of Malakand 06 09 48 Hamdard University 05 09 49 Islamia College University, Peshawar 03 07 50 Air University 02 07 51 Mehran University of Engineering & Technology NONE 07 52 Jinnah University for Women 05 06 53 Bahria University NONE 04 54 National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences (FAST) 07 03 55 Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology 04 03 Cont… Research Output from Pakistan

31. S.No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In 2008 56 University of Lahore 04 03 57 Riphah International University NONE 03 58 Forman Christian College University NONE 03 59 University of Education 03 02 60 Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering & Management Sciences NONE 02 61 Gandhara University NONE 02 62 IQRA University NONE 02 63 Lasbela University of Agriculture Water & Marine Sciences NONE 02 64 Beacon house National University NONE 01 65 Institute of Business Administration, Karachi NONE 01 66 Karakoram International University NONE 01 67 Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University NONE 01 68 University of Management & Technology NONE 01 Cont…

32. S.No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In 2008 Other Institutions 1 Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology 106 171 2 Pakistan Council for Scientific & Industrial Research 38 110 3 National Agriculture Research Center 79 81 4 Pakistan Institute of Engineering &Applied Sciences 54 73 5 Nuclear Institute of Agriculture & Biology, Faisalabad 41 60 6 National Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering 49 55 7 Combined Military Hospital 15 53 8 Pakistan Institute of Medical Science 11 31 9 Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center 12 27 10 Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tandojam 14 20 11 Children’s Hospital & Institute of Child Health 09 18 12 National Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology 11 17 13 Pakistan Agriculture Research Council 07 17 14 Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences NONE 17 15 Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission 15 16 Shifa College of Medicine 09 16 17 Armed Forces Institute of Pathology 07 16 18 Liaquat National Hospital Karachi 09 15 19 Nuclear Institute for Food & Agriculture, Peshawar 12 14 20 Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar 05 14 Research Output from Pakistan Cont…

33. Research Output from Pakistan Cont… S.No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In 2008 21 Allama Iqbal Medical College 03 14 22 Civil Hospital Karachi 10 12 23 Institute of Molecular Sciences & Bioinformatics 09 12 24 Army Medical College 04 12 25 Shamim Feed Industries, Bahawalpur 12 11 26 Pakistan Museum of Natural History 11 27 Fauji Foundation Hospital 06 11 28 Sheikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute NONE 11 29 Khyber Teaching Hospital 08 10 30 Military Hospital,Rawalpindi 05 10 31 Pakistan Medical Research Council 04 10 32 Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Center 04 09 33 Geological Survey of Pakistan 10 08 34 Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Center 07 08 35 Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation 05 08 36 Lahore Medical & Dental College 04 08 37 Fatima Jinnah Medical College 02 08 38 Rawalpindi Medical College 02 08 39 National Institute of Health 11 07 40 Mayo Hospital, Lahore 08 07

34. Research Output from Pakistan Cont… S.No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In 2008 41 Shalamar Hospital 03 07 42 Sir Ganga Ram Hospital 03 07 43 Karachi Medical & Dental College 00 07 44 Rawalpindi General Hospital 02 06 45 Holy Family Hospital NONE 06 46 Govt. Degree College for Science & Commerce, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi NONE 06 47 Central Cotton Research Institute, Faisalabad 08 05 48 Jinnah Hospital Lahore 06 05 49 National Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi 05 50 Punjab Institute of Cardiology 04 05 51 Institute of Nuclear MedicineandOncology,Lahore 02 05 52 Pakistan Institute of Community Opthalmology, Peshawar 02 05 53 National Institute for Child Health 03 05 54 Lahore General Hospital NONE 05 55 Armed Forces Institute of Rehab. Medicine NONE 05 56 SUPARCO 04 57 Institute of Space Technology NONE 04 58 Chandka Medical College NONE 04 59 Nishtar Medical College NONE 04 60 Punjab Medical College NONE 04

35. Research Output from Pakistan Cont… S.No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In 2008 61 Lyari General Hospital NONE 04 62 College of Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan NONE 04 63 Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore NONE 04 64 Adamjee Govt.Science College, Karachi 03 65 Center for Advanced Studies in Engineering 02 03 66 FederalGovt.PostGraduateCollegeH-8,Islamabad 02 03 67 Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital 02 03 68 Sexual Health Institute Pakistan, Lahore 02 03 69 Wah Medical College NONE 03 70 POF Hospital NONE 03 71 Services Hospital. Lahore 02 03 72 Institute of Psychiatry NONE 03 73 Lahore Institute of Research & Development NONE 03 74 Govt. Postgraduate Jahanzeb College, Saidu Sharif, Swat NONE 03 75 Bahawal Victoria Hospital NONE 03

36. Research Output from Pakistan S.No.Institution Publications In 2007 Publications In 2008 76 Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi NONE 03 77 Allied Hospital, Faisalabad NONE 03 78 Bolan Medical College 04 02 79 Dawood College of Engineering & Technology 02 80 National College of Arts NONE 02 81 National College of Business Administration & Economics NONE 02 82 Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbotabad NONE 02 83 Armed Forces Institute of Urology NONE 02 84 Ayza Skin & Research Center, Lalamusa NONE 02 85 AZM Hospital, Sargodha NONE 02 86 Institute of Business & Technology BIZTEK NONE 01 87 Kinnaird College for Women NONE 01 88 Bannu Medical College NONE 01