1. Changing Needs… Really? Kentaro Toyama Visiting Scholar University of California, Berkeley Economic and Social Council 2011 High-Level Segment United Nations – Geneva – July 8, 2011

2. Can you tell the difference? Photos: Kentaro Toyama, http://www.livemint.com/images/4D7256D8-409A-41F2-B368-249442FEAB12ArtVPF.gif

3. Technology in Education Believed to be... –Good –Transformational –Necessary Worries about... –“Digital Divide” –Falling behind Photo: Udai Pawar

5. Technology Is Not Always Good Technology requires ongoing support –Cost –Training –Maintenance –Infrastructure –Curriculum integration Technology distracts –Students –Teachers –Administrators Technology can lead to dependence, addiction, inability to focus Photo credit: Rajesh Veeraraghavan

6. Research Shows Mixed Impact –Mark Warschauer et al. (USA) PCs amplify existing inequalities –Leigh Linden et al. (India, Peru) PCs don’t substitute for teachers PCs rarely cost-effective –Ana Santiago et al. (Peru) Mixed results with OLPC –Todd Oppenheimer (USA) Technology distracts from real education –Larry Cuban, Mike Trucano, Wayan Vota, Ofer Malamud, etc.

7. Good Education is Possible With Little Technology Finland –1 st out of 57 countries OECD’s PISA (2003, 2006) Science, math, reading –“Back to basics” approach –Limited technology Blackboards, overhead projectors Computer labs only for computer classes No mobile phones, iPods in class –Hi-tech workforce Linux Nokia Same as mid-1900s USA, Japan, Germany, England, France, etc. Photo credit: Sanna Schildt

8. “21 st Century Education” No different than good 20 th century education! Ensure foundation first! –Administration and teachers –Foundational curriculum –Measurable student achievement Technology cannot substitute for Institutional foundation. Technology then helpful for –Computer literacy –Programming –Targeted applications Photo credit: Joyojeet Pal

9. Can you tell the difference? Technology consumer Income: $1,200 Technology producer Income: $16,000+

10. Thank you! kentaro_toyama@hotmail.com http://www.kentarotoyama.org Photo: Kentaro Toyama