1. By: Alexandra Morris

2. Problem Do students remember more words from content spoken to them orally or something written out for them to see?

3. Research The human memory is a complex neurological system. Memory is a mental function that allows people to retain information as well as remember events from either a long time ago, or just a few minutes ago. Memory is a vital part of the learning process. Memory is held in your in the Cerebrum of the brain. Memory involves three important factors. Number one memories are constructions made in accordance with present needs, desires, influences, etc. Number two is that memories are often accompanied by feelings and emotions. Last with memory comes forgetting.

4. Hypothesis If two sentences were written for girls to see and two different sentences were given to twenty girls orally then the two sentences written on the board will have a higher percentage of words remembered than the two sentences read to them orally.

5. Materials 20 pieces of paper 20 pencils Whiteboard Eraser Stopwatch Marker Red pen 20 subjects Four sentences

6. Procedure 1. Write two sentences on the board and hide them 2. Reveal the sentences. 3. Start the stopwatch. 4. Stop the stopwatch at twenty-five seconds. 5. Erase the sentence. 6. Give a piece of paper and a pencil to each girl. 7. Instruct them to write down the sentences they just saw on the board. 8. Read two sentences orally to the girls three times. 9. Instruct them to write down the sentences that were just read to them orally. 10. Collect papers and pencils. 11. Take group two into a room the following day at the same time. 12. Do the same steps with Group two 13. Mark them and see how many words were remembered and how many incorrect words were added. 14. Determine whether the girls remembered more words from the sentences being written or read orally.

7. Independent variable: How the sentences are given (written and read orally), and the written and read orally sentences are given separately. Dependent variable: How memory is recalled. Control: Seven word sentences. Constants: The two sentences, pencils, paper, classroom, stopwatch, and whiteboard

8. Data Written Group one and two missed a combined total of 78 words out of the combined total of 280 words. Group one and two added a combined total of 48 incorrect words out of the combined total of 280 words. Read Orally Group one and two missed a combined total of 129 words out of the combined total of 280 words. Group one and two added a combined total of 40 incorrect word out of the combined total of 280 words.

9. llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Human SubjectsWrittenRead 141 202 360 410 501 612 743 821 999 1013 1121 1210 1316 1402 1512 1632 1730 1821 1921 2053 Average2.42 Standard Dev.2.2226112.12132 Confidence Lev.0.9740840.929693 Incorrect Words Added Human SubjectsWrittenRead 124 204 377 417 505 6711 718 857 9109 77 1187 1208 1314 1457 15211 1667 1752 1847 1927 2057 Average3.96.8 Standard Deviation2.9478812.158703 Confidence Level0.4446010.325577 Missed Words

10. Conclusion Students remember more from seeing written content than hearing a spoken lecture. This proves the hypothesis correct. This project helps teachers because the results show them that students remember more from written content. From that information they can focus less on spoken lectures and more on written content. If this project could be changed it would also include twenty boys and also younger students.

11. Thank You Thanks to my Biology Class Science Teacher, My family, and everyone who participated in my project. Thank you so much for listening to my project, any questions? Bibliography 1. John Sutton. (2004). Memory. Retrieved from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/memory/. 2. Imaginova Corporation. (2007). Memory. Retrieved from Live Science: http://www.livescience.com/memory/ 3. Robert T Carroll. (2009). Memory. Retrieved from Skeptic’s Dictionary: http://www.skepdic.com/memory.html 4. Gagnepain, Chételat, Landeau, Dayan, Eustache, and Lebreton. (2008). Spoken Word Memory Traces within the Human Auditory Cortex Revealed by Repetition Priming and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Retrieved from The Journal of Neuroscience: http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/20/5281?etoc 5. Unknown. (2009) Human Memory. Retrieved from: http://humanfactors.arc.nasa.gov/cognition/tutorials/ModelOf/Knowmore1. html