1. American Activism Abroad
                                                            
American Imperialism
American Activism Abroad

2. Frederick Jackson Turner: The Significance of the Frontier in American History, 1893
America’s unique development rooted in the frontier past
Vast expanse of “free” land
Reaching Pacific meant looking overseas for “frontier”
Attacked immigration from S. & E. Europe

3. Alfred Thayer Mahan: The Influence of Seapower upon History
Seapower essential to national greatness
Britain a prime example
McKinley & Roosevelt
Expand overseas – bases for navy – protect Commerce

4. Acquisition of Hawaii
Hawaiian League – 400 members, mostly American businessmen
Bayonet Constitution 1886 – curtailed monarch’s power
1893 Bloodless coup – Queen steps down (American Troops)
1898 U.S. annexed
Sanford Dole
Queen Lili’uokalani

5. Cuba in Cartoons s

6. American self image
Jose Marti

8. The Splendid Little War: 1898
                                                            
                                                            
The Splendid Little War: 1898
Spanish-American Cuban War over in 4 months
Yellow journalism – “You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war.” Hearst
U.S.S. Maine
Rough Riders

9. U.S. Gains

10. America: An imperial power
                                                                     
                                                   

11. Philippines
The United States, by title of purchase in the 1898 Treaty of Paris, bought the Philippines from Spain, for US$20,000,000.
It also bought itself a war, in the name of Benevolent Assimilation.
The war lasted three years, and cost the Americans 10,000 casualties and US $600 million. Some 16,000 soldiers were killed in battle. About 200,000 Filipino civilians succumbed to pestilence, disease, and crossfire during the war.

12. Benevolent Assimilation: William McKinley
substituting the mild sway of justice and right for arbitrary rule. In the fulfillment of this high mission, supporting the temperate administration of affairs for the greatest good of the governed, there must be sedulously maintained the strong arm of authority, to repress disturbance and to overcome all obstacles to the bestowal of the blessings of good and stable government upon the people of the Philippine Islands under the free flag of the United States.

13. Emilio Aguinaldo Filipino Rebel Leader

14. Anti-expansionists in our midst
Andrew Carnegie
Samuel Gompers
Jane Addams
Mugwumps
William Jennings Bryan
Mark Twain
George Hoar

15. Open Door – Asia: 400,000,000 potential consumers in China alone

16. John Hay & the Open Door Policy 1899
All nations to be allowed access to Chinese market
All nations were to have equal trading rights
Europeans had already carved up China

17. Boxer Rebellion

18. A man, a plan, a canal, Panama

20. Acquiring the rights
Roosevelt & Panamanian business interests conspire
Colombians bribed to lay down weapons
1903 Panamanian revolt
U.S. cruiser right off shore
Hay-Buneau-Varilla treaty 10 million to Panamanians – 10 mile swath renewable 99 year lease
French precede Americans – lose money & lives
Americans acquire rights for 40 million
Start negotiating with Colombia
Offered 10 mil. Cash and ¼ million annually
Colombia wanted more

21. Building the Canal
preliminary construction, surveys, disease control (1/3 of the French force died of Yellow Fever)

22. Building the Canal Thousands of West Indian Laborers
T.R. visits the Canal Zone

23. 45,000 Recruited Contract Workers

24. Roosevelt Corollary

25. U.S. Intervention in Latin America
Green = protectorate
Blue = occupation