1. 1 Today’s Modern Psychology David Myers (8th Edition) PowerPoint Slides Mr. Mable Tucker High School 2016

2. Student’s will be able to: Define Psychology Explain the specific jobs Psychologist do Name key psychologist in its history Describe where Psychology came from List the Major Modern Perspectives List the types of degrees needed in psych Explain how to be a better psych student 2

3. 3 Psychology Today We define psychology today as the scientific study of behavior (what we do) and mental processes (inner thoughts and feelings).

4. The GOALS of Psychology Observe Describe Explain Predict Control

5. What do we mean by control? This means to change something for a better outcome. This is not an evil intent To make things better 5

6. American Psychological Association (Founded 1892) Professional organization for Psychologists Over 150,000 members Sets ethical guidelines for research Lobbies for mental health and psychological issues Accredits colleges that have psychology programs Provides conferences, meetings and annual convention on psychological topics Encourages scientific research in psychology Headquarters in Washington D.C.

7. 7 Psychology’s Big Debate Nature versus Nurture Darwin stated that nature selects those that best enable the organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. Darwin (1809-1882)

8. Biology versus Experience Am I the way I am because I was born that way or because of my surroundings? Nature vs. Nurture Can I ever be like these people, or does nature give me limitations?

9. Stability v. Change As the years pass, do we change or remain the same? Are we become adults or are we always just big kids? Personality traits, physical appearance, sense of humor, tastes, etc…

10. Continuity v. Discontinuity Does growth occur gradually or in stages?

11. CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES

12. What is a perspective? A point of view A philosophy about why things occur A different way of looking at something Normally cooperative not antagonistic Most psychologists take an eclectic approach: a little bit of all the approaches depending on the patient and situation

13. 13 Biopsychosocial: Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis

14. Perspectives in Psychology a.k.a Approaches or Theoretical Perspectives Biological or Neuroscientific Psychoanalytic (Psychodynamic) Behavioral/Learning Cognitive Sociocultural Humanistic Evolutionary

15. Biological Perspectives Emphasizes the influence of biology on our behavior activity of brain cells, and behavior and mental processes Looks for the connections between events in the brain with behavior BRAIN CELL

16. The Psychoanalytic Perspective Stresses the influence of unconscious forces on human behavior

17. The Learning Perspective Emphasizes the effects of experience on behavior. Personal experience and reinforcement guide individual development

18. Social-Learning Behavior Suggests that people can change their environments or create new ones People can learn intentionally by observing others

19. Cognitive Perspective Emphasizes the role played by thoughts and perceptions in determining behavior Studies mental processes to understand human nature

20. Socio-cultural Perspective Addresses issues such as ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status Based on the idea that these facts have significant impact on human behavior and mental processes

21. Humanistic Perspective Stresses the human capacity for self- fulfillment and the importance of consciousness, self-awareness, and the capacity to make choices Considers people’s personal experiences to be the most important aspect of psychology

22. The Evolutionary Perspective Looks at how our behaviors ensures our survival. What genes are inherited that influence our species. Focuses on Darwinism. i.e. Facial Expressions: Surprise!

23. 23 Psychology’s Current Perspectives PerspectiveFocusSample Questions NeuroscienceHow the body and brain enables emotions? How are messages transmitted in the body? How is blood chemistry linked with moods and motives? EvolutionaryHow the natural selection of traits the promotes the perpetuation of one’s genes? How does evolution influence behavior tendencies? Behavior geneticsHow much our genes and our environments influence our individual differences? To what extent are psychological traits such as intelligence, personality, sexual orientation, and vulnerability to depression attributable to our genes? To our environment?

24. 24 Psychology’s Current Perspectives PerspectiveFocusSample Questions PsychodynamicHow behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts? How can someone’s personality traits and disorders be explained in terms of sexual and aggressive drives or as disguised effects of unfulfilled wishes and childhood traumas? BehavioralHow we learn observable responses? How do we learn to fear particular objects or situations? What is the most effective way to alter our behavior, say to lose weight or quit smoking?

25. 25 Psychology’s Current Perspectives PerspectiveFocusSample Questions CognitiveHow we encode, process, store and retrieve information? How do we use information in remembering? Reasoning? Problem solving? Social-culturalHow behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures? How are we — as Africans, Asians, Australians or North Americans – alike as members of human family? As products of different environmental contexts, how do we differ?

26. The Subfields of Psychology What do Psychologists do? 26

27. Jobs Psychologists do Clinical Counseling School Educational Developmental Industrial/ Organizational Personality Social Forensic Environmental Consumer Health Research/ Experimental 27

28. 28 Psychology’s Subfields: Applied Data: APA 1997

29. 29 Psychology’s Subfields: Research Data: APA 1997

30. 30 Psychology’s Subfields: Applied PsychologistWhat she does Clinical Studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders Counseling Helps people cope with academic, vocational, and marital challenges. Educational Studies and helps individuals in school and educational settings Industrial/ Organizational Studies and advises on behavior in the workplace.

31. 31 Psychology’s Subfields: Research PsychologistWhat she does Biological Explore the links between brain and mind. Developmental Study changing abilities from womb to tomb. Cognitive Study how we perceive, think, and solve problems. Personality Investigate our persistent traits. Social Explore how we view and affect one another.

32. 32 A clinical psychologist (Ph.D.) studies, assesses, and treats troubled people with psychotherapy. Psychiatrists on the other hand are medical professionals (M.D.) who use treatments like drugs and psychotherapy to treat psychologically diseased patients. Clinical Psychology vs. Psychiatry

33. NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH A PSYCHIATRIST!! A PSYCHIATRIST is a medical doctor who specializes in the treatment of psychological problems and who can prescribe mediation for clients. Psychologists CANNOT prescribe medication! VALIUM (A DRUG FOR TREATING ANXIET)

34. What Degree Do I Need? College Degrees 34

35. Bachelor of Arts / Science A BA or BS in Psychology on the undergraduate level is one of the fastest growing and popular majors A very diverse discipline that is a good background for any career. 35

36. Master of Arts / Science To be a clinical psychologist or therapist you must obtain a Master’s. Requires Master’s thesis w/ research. The academic hood is shown to the right. 36

37. Doctorate: PhD or Psy D PhD is more for teaching in college. PhD is a approximately 3- 4 years of school and research w/ dissertation. PsyD is for clinical practice. 37

38. Graduate Degrees You don’t go get a grad degree from anywhere because of the popularity or name recognition of the school. You look at the research being done and the facilities/program provided. Is the professor on the cutting edge of research on the topic you want to study??? 38

39. Other Profession Grad Degrees M.D. = Medical Doctor J.D. = Juris Doctorate (Law) M.S. = Master of Social Work M.T. = Master of Teaching MBA = Master of Business Admin MFA = Master of Fine Arts MTh = Master of Theology Pharm D = Doctor of Pharmacology 39

40. Degree Summary To work in the field of psychology you will probably need to obtain at least a master’s degree. You will need several years of schooling and training, as well as a profession license from the state. 40

41. How to be the best AP Psychology student that you can be… the following slide give some study tips 41

42. 42  Survey: What you are about to read, including chapter outlines and section heads.  Question: Ask questions. Make notes.  Read: Make sure you read outlines, sections and chapters in entirety.  Review: Margin definitions. Study learning outcomes.  Reflect: On what you learn. Test yourself with quizzes. Close-up Your Study of Psychology Survey, Question, Read, Review and Reflect (SQ3R)

43. 43  Distribute your time.  Listen actively in class.  Overlearn.  Be a smart test-taker. Close-up Additional Study Hints