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2. Using Boundless Presentations
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3. About Boundless
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4. Types of Aqueous Solutions
Aqueous Reactions > Types of Aqueous Solutions
Types of Aqueous Solutions
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions
Water’s Solvent Properties
Electrolytic Properties
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5. Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions
Aqueous Reactions > Types of Aqueous Solutions
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions
Electrolytes are salts or molecules that ionize completely in solution. As a result, electrolyte solutions readily conduct electricity.
Nonelectrolytes do not dissociate into ions in solution; nonelectrolyte solutions do not, therefore, conduct electricity.
Gatorade as an electrolyte solution
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6. Water’s Solvent Properties
Aqueous Reactions > Types of Aqueous Solutions
Water’s Solvent Properties
Water dissociates salts by separating the cations and anions and forming new interactions between the water and ions.
Water dissolves many biomolecules, because they are polar and therefore hydrophilic.
Dissociation of NaCl in water
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7. Electrolytic Properties
Aqueous Reactions > Types of Aqueous Solutions
Electrolytic Properties
When an electrical current passes through a solution (often of electrolytes), a cation or neutral molecule gets reduced at the cathode, and an anion or neutral molecule gets oxidized at the anode.
To determine which species in solution will be oxidized and which reduced, a table of standard reduction potentials can identify the most thermodynamically viable option.
In practice, electrolysis of pure water can create hydrogen gas.
Hydroquinone
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8. Appendix
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9. Aqueous Reactions
Key terms
dissociation The process by which a compound or complex body breaks up into simpler constituents such as atoms or ions, usually reversibly.
electrode the terminal through which electric current passes between metallic and nonmetallic parts of an electric circuit; in electrolysis, the cathode and anode are placed in the solution separately.
electrolyte A substance that dissociates into ions when in solution.
electron the subatomic particle that has a negative charge and orbits the nucleus; the flow of electrons in a conductor constitutes electricity.
hydration shell The term given to a solvation shell (a structure composed of a chemical that acts as a solvent and surrounds a solute species) with a water solvent; also referred to as a hydration sphere.
nonelectrolyte A substance that does not dissociate into ions when in solution.
salt An ionic compound composed of cations and anions that are held together by electrostatic attraction.
solute Any substance that is dissolved in a liquid solvent to create a solution.
solution A homogeneous mixture, which may be a liquid, gas, or solid, formed by dissolving one or more substances.
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10. Dissociation of NaCl in water
Aqueous Reactions
Dissociation of NaCl in water
When table salt (NaCl) is mixed in water, spheres of hydration form around the ions.
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Connexions. "Print." CC BY View on Boundless.com

11. Standard electrode potentials table
Aqueous Reactions
Standard electrode potentials table
This is the standard reduction potential for the reaction shown, measured in volts. Positive potential is more favorable in this case.
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Wikipedia. "Electrolysis." GNU FDL View on Boundless.com

12. Gatorade as an electrolyte solution
Aqueous Reactions
Gatorade as an electrolyte solution
The sports drink Gatorade advertises that it contains electrolytes because it contains sodium, potassium, magnesium, and other ions. When humans sweat, we lose ions necessary for vital bodily functions; to replenish them, we need to consume more ions, often in the form of an electrolyte solution. In the human body, electrolytes have many uses, including helping neurons conduct electrical impulses.
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Wikimedia Commons. "Gatorade4products." CC BY-SA View on Boundless.com

13. Para-benzoquinone Aqueous Reactions
P-benzoquinone is an oxidant or electron acceptor.
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Wikipedia. "File:P-Benzochinon.svg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." CC BY-SA View on Boundless.com

14. Hydroquinone Aqueous Reactions
Hydroquinone is a reductant or electron donor and organic molecule.
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Wikipedia. "File:Hydrochinon2.svg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." CC BY-SA View on Boundless.com

15. Aqueous Reactions
How many moles of ions are produced when two moles of calcium chloride is dissolved in water?
A) Three moles
B) Two thirds of one mole
C) Five moles
D) Six moles
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16. Aqueous Reactions
How many moles of ions are produced when two moles of calcium chloride is dissolved in water?
A) Three moles
B) Two thirds of one mole
C) Five moles
D) Six moles
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0

17. Which of these is water able to dissolve?
Aqueous Reactions
Which of these is water able to dissolve?
A) salts
B) fats
C) All of these
D) oils
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18. Which of these is water able to dissolve?
Aqueous Reactions
Which of these is water able to dissolve?
A) salts
B) fats
C) All of these
D) oils
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0

19. Aqueous Reactions
Attribution
Wiktionary. "nonelectrolyte." CC BY-SA 3.0
Wiktionary. "solute." CC BY-SA 3.0
Wikipedia. "salt." CC BY-SA 3.0
Wiktionary. "solution." CC BY-SA 3.0
Wikipedia. "Electrolyte." CC BY-SA 3.0
Wikipedia. "Solution." CC BY-SA 3.0
Wikibooks. "General Chemistry/Properties of Solutions." CC BY-SA
Wikipedia. "Electrolysis." CC BY-SA 3.0
Wiktionary. "electron." CC BY-SA 3.0
Wiktionary. "electrode." CC BY-SA 3.0
Wikibooks. "Structural Biochemistry/Unique Properties/Versatility as a Solvent." CC BY-SA
Wikibooks. "Structural Biochemistry/Water." CC BY-SA
Wiktionary. "dissociation." CC BY-SA 3.0
Wikipedia. "hydration shell." CC BY-SA 3.0
Wikipedia. "Clathrate compound." CC BY-SA 3.0
Connexions. "Water." CC BY 3.0
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