1. Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation
Chapter 11
Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System
Exercise Physiology
for Health, Fitness, and Performance
Fourth Edition
Denise L. Smith • Sharon A. Plowman

2. I. Introduction Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system includes the heart, vessels, and blood

3. II. Overview of the CV System
Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System
II. Overview of the CV System
A. The Heart
1. Macroanatomy

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2. Microanatomy

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3. Excitable tissue
4. Electrocardiogram

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5. Cardiac Cycle - one complete sequence of contraction and relaxation of the heart

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Periods of the Cardiac Cycle
- Ventricular filling period (VFP)
- Isovolumetric contraction period (ICP)
- Ventricular ejection period (VEP)
- Isovolumetric relaxation period (IRP)

8. Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System

9. Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System

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6. Stroke Volume - amount of blood ejected from the ventricles with each beat of the heart
SV = LVEDV - LVESV
EF = (SV/LVEDV)  100
7. Cardiac Output - the amount of blood pumped per unit of time, in liters per minute
Q = SV  HR •

11. Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System
8. Coronary circulation
9. Myocardial oxygen consumption
- estimated by RPP

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B. The Vascular System

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1. Arteries
MAP = (PP/3) + DBP2
MAP = (PP/2) + DBP1

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2. Arterioles
Resistance vessels - another name for arterioles due to their ability to vasodilate and vasoconstrict; changing diameter allows them to control the flow of blood

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3. Capillaries

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4. Venules
5. Veins
Capacitance vessels - another name for veins, owing to their distensibility, which enables them to pool large volumes of blood and become reservoirs for blood

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C. Blood
Hematocrit - the ratio of blood cells to total blood volume, expressed as a percentage

19. D. Hormonal Control of Blood Volume
Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System
D. Hormonal Control of Blood Volume

20. Q = MAP/TPR III. Cardiovascular Dynamics
Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System
III. Cardiovascular Dynamics
A. Cardiac Output
B. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
C. Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)
Q = MAP/TPR •

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D. Principles of Blood Flow

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IV. Regulation
A. Neural Control

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B. Anatomical Sensors and Factors Affecting Control
1. Higher brain centers
2. Systemic receptors
a. Baroreceptors
b. Stretch receptors
3. Chemoreceptors
4. Muscle joint receptors

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Neurohormonal Control
Epinephrine/Norephinephrine
Alosterone/ADH

26. V. Measurement of CV Variables
Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System
V. Measurement of CV Variables
A. Cardiac Output
Fick equation
Q = (VO2/a-vO2diff) • •

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B. Stroke Volume

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C. Heart Rate

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D. VO2max - greatest amount of oxygen that the body can take in, transport, and utilize during heavy exercise
VO2max = (HR max)  (SV max)
 (a-vO2 diff max)
Field tests of VO2max • •

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E. Blood Pressure