Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byAngelica Hunt Modified over 9 years ago
1
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet....and slicky tricks to prepare you for the exam...
2
What is a typical question? For example: 1.Mention some different methods for measuring blood pressure, explain the different advantages, disadvantages and eventual risks associated with each method 2.Blood flow is another interesting parameter. Describe how it is possible to measure the blood flow both invasive and non-invasively and explain the advantages, disadvantages for each method. What would be the proper requirements for an amplifier in such a measurement system? 3.Do you know any non-invasive methods of measuring the oxygen concentration in the blood? Give a brief description of the manner of operation, sources of error and advantages/disadvantages 4.Give a short explanation of the function of the human heart. How is it possible to detect patology in the heart function without entering the body?
3
Image: Grimnes, Høgetveit. Biomedical Engineering Education & Advanced Bioengineering Learning: Interdisciplinary Concepts. ”A sensor is a mediator able to convert one or more measurands or physical variables into an equivalent signal variable of another type of quantity within a frame of a given unity” Pallàs-Areny, Webster, Sensors 2001 What is a sensor?
4
Image: Grimnes-Høgetveit. Biomedical Engineering Education & Advanced Bioengineering Learning: Interdisciplinary Concepts. - Sensor system: ”comprises the total signal path from the measurand to the observer and includes all sensing, conditioning and real-time processing elements in the path” - Electrode: ” An electrode is an electrochemical cell converting charge carriers from ions to electrons or vice versa. An electrode is only a half- sensor in the way that two electrodes are necessary in order to apply a current or read a potential difference in living tissue” - Probe: A ”probe is a broader concept than a sensor. A probe is often comprising multiparameter sensors (e.g. temperature) and may be held by the operator and be equipped with switches and level adjustment facilities. Example: Ultrasound probe” Source: Grimnes-Høgetveit. Biomedical Engineering Education & Advanced Bioengineering Learning: Interdisciplinary Concepts. More definitions....
5
Pressure transducer and Wheatstone bridge Image: Grimnes-Høgetveit. Biomedical Engineering Education & Advanced Bioengineering Learning: Interdisciplinary Concepts.
6
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet Piezoelectric transducer C=εA/x
7
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet Photomultipliers
9
Membrane potential Nernst equation for potassium K (Nor - Kalium): across a cell membrane with active channels pumping K ions into the cell.
10
Dipoles in the axon
11
Neural velocity
12
The heart
13
Atrioventricular- block
14
Ectopic beat
15
Tachycardia flutter= increased regular frequency
16
flimmer (norsk) = fibrillation (eng) = = uregelmessig rytme
17
Ischemia
19
Metal / electrolyte = electron / ion transitions
20
Ag / AgCl Non-polarizable electrode
21
Electrode polarization + skin + deeper layer
22
Stimulation electrodes
23
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet
24
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet Einthoven triangle
25
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet Wilson central terminal
26
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet Augmented leads
27
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet ”Driven right leg”
28
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet Biopotentail amplifiers
29
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet
30
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet
31
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet The circulatory system
32
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet Typical blood pressures
33
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet Invasive blood pressure measurement
34
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet Harmonic analysis, Fourier
35
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet Heart sounds
36
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet Stethoscopes, spektrogram
37
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet Non-invasive blood pressure
38
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet Ultrasound measurement
39
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet Bloodpressure, oscillometric
40
FYS4250Fysisk institutt - Rikshospitalet Non-contact tonometry
42
Indicator-dilution method
43
Elektromagnetic flowmeter
44
Electromagnetic flowmeter waveforms
45
Quadrature-suppression flowm.
46
Plethysmography
47
Plethysmography curve
49
Figure 1 Airways with larynx, trachea, bronchi and alveoles
50
Figure 2 Lung volume parameters Equation 1 ComplianceC = ΔV / ΔP [L/Pa, L/cmH2O]
51
Equation 2 Poiseuille [Pa/m 3 /s = pressure / flow rate]
52
Figure 6 Laplace cylinder model P=T/r
53
Figure 10 Rebreathing circle with one-directional valves 1 and 2
54
Figure 13 IR absorption spectra for some anaesthetic agent vapours. Datex Ohmeda Division, Instrumentarium Corporation
55
Figure 14 Multigas spectrophotometric gas analyzer with rotating filter wheel
57
pH-measurement
58
pCO 2 (Severinghaus) electrode
59
pO 2 (Clark) electrode
60
Fluorescent dye sensor
61
pH-sensitive dyes
62
Pulsoxymetry light absorption
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.