2. AP Biology 2006-2007 Anaerobic Respiration Stages: 1. Glycolysis 2. Fermentation yeast

3. AP Biology Anaerobic Respiration Cellular Respiration (harvesting ATP from glucose) in the absence of Oxygen. 1.Bacteria that live in oxygen-free places 2.Some organisms that are exposed to oxygen, but switch to fermentation when oxygen is scarce.

4. AP Biology  Convert: glucose (6C) to 2 pyruvate (3C)  produces: 4 ATP & 2 NADH  uses: 2 ATP  net yield: 2 ATP & 2 NADH Glycolysis ATP 2 2

5. AP Biology Pyruvate is a branching point Pyruvate O2O2 O2O2 mitochondria Krebs cycle aerobic respiration fermentation anaerobic respiration

6. AP Biology FERMENTATION Fermentation does not yield any more ATP than the tiny amount supplied by Glycolysis It simply regenerates NAD, to refuel Glycolysis. 1.This is plenty of ATP for small anaerobic organisms 2.Not enough for large, multi-celled organisms

7. AP Biology Lactate Fermentation -Occurs in some bacteria AND animals for a quick fix of ATP -Regenerates 2 NAD -Produces 2 Lactates (Lactic Acids) pyruvate  lactic acid 3C NADHNAD + back to glycolysis 

8. AP Biology Alcoholic Fermentation -Occurs in bacteria, some plants, AND some fungi (like yeast) for a quick fix of ATP -Regenerates 2 NAD -Produces 2 Ethanol (Alcohol) and 2 Carbon Dioxides 1C 3C2C pyruvate  ethanol + CO 2 NADHNAD + back to glycolysis 