1. Unit: Ancient Rome

2. ITALY MAP QUIZ FOCUS CITIES Bari VeniceMilanBologna Genoa Rome TurinFlorence Palermo Reggio de Calabria LANDFORMS/NATIONS Sicily Switzerland Sardinia Slovenia San Marino PHYSICAL FEATURES/BODIES OF WATER Gulf of Taranto Gulf of Venice Gulf of Genoa Ionian Sea Ligurian Sea Strait of Sicily Adriatic Sea Mediterranean Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Strait of Messina QUIZ NEXT CLASS

3. The Etruscans Dominated central and northern Italian Peninsula Confederation of city-states Flourishing trade with the East Alphabet based on Greek- not totally decipherable Great respect for women

4. The Etruscans Influences on RomeInfluences on Rome The Arch The Arch The Vault The Vault Gladiator combat (funeral rite) Gladiator combat (funeral rite) Studying animal entrails Studying animal entrails

6. Geography Few natural resources Although coastline extensive, few natural harbors – limited seafaring skills Predominantly agricultural – Plains of Latium Land open to invasion / farmer- soldiers

7. Early Greek Influences Greek colonies on peninsula / SicilyGreek colonies on peninsula / Sicily Influences include:Influences include: Religion Religion Alphabet Alphabet Crops- grapes and olives Crops- grapes and olives

10. Origin of the Etruscans Z Between 900 and 500 BCE Z Called themselves the Rasenna; >the Greeks called them Tyrrhenioi; >the Romans called them the Etruscans. Z Came from eastern Mediterranean, possibly Asia Minor. Z Their land was called Etruria. Z Between 900 and 500 BCE Z Called themselves the Rasenna; >the Greeks called them Tyrrhenioi; >the Romans called them the Etruscans. Z Came from eastern Mediterranean, possibly Asia Minor. Z Their land was called Etruria.

11. TheLand of the EtruscansTheLand Etruscans

12. EtruscansEtruscans

13. Etruscan Political System Z Independent, fortified city-states. Z Formed small confederacies. Z Had a strong military that dominated all the surrounding peoples. Z By 6 C.BCE, the Etruscan military had conquered much of the Italian peninsula,including Rome and the island of Corsica. Z Independent, fortified city-states. Z Formed small confederacies. Z Had a strong military that dominated all the surrounding peoples. Z By 6 C.BCE, the Etruscan military had conquered much of the Italian peninsula,including Rome and the island of Corsica.

14. Etruscan Military Bronze Warrior 6c BCE Chariot

15. Etruscan Writing ZMost inscriptions found on tombs and monuments and mirrors. ZWe can pronounce Etruscan words, because they use an alphabet similar to Greek, but we have no clue about their meaning. ZOver 10,000 Etruscan inscriptions. ZMost inscriptions found on tombs and monuments and mirrors. ZWe can pronounce Etruscan words, because they use an alphabet similar to Greek, but we have no clue about their meaning. ZOver 10,000 Etruscan inscriptions.

16. Lemnos Stelae – 6c BCE

17. The Etruscan Alphabet

18. Etruscan Writing Tablet

19. Etruscan Religion ZPolytheistic. ZBelieved that the destiny of man was determined by the whims of the gods. ZBelieved in prophecy and reading the signs of nature by augurs. ZBelieved in predestination. ZPolytheistic. ZBelieved that the destiny of man was determined by the whims of the gods. ZBelieved in prophecy and reading the signs of nature by augurs. ZBelieved in predestination.

20. Reconstruction of an Etruscan Temple

21. Etruscan Cemetery

22. Etruscan Funeral & Tomb

23. Etruscan Tomb Wall & Tomb Fresco

24. Interior of an Etruscan Tomb

25. Sarcophagus of an Etruscan Couple

26. Etruscan Gold Jewelry

27. Life-Size Statue of an Etruscan Baby in Swaddling Clothes

28. Etruscan Art ZArt created for religious or utilitarian purposes. ZMost famous pieces created out of terracotta. ZMany murals and frescoes on tomb walls. ZLively depictions of lifedancing, games, music, and feasting. ZPottery at first copies of Greek works. Later, created their own bronze pottery. ZBronze crafts [mirrors, bowls, candelabra]. ZArt created for religious or utilitarian purposes. ZMost famous pieces created out of terracotta. ZMany murals and frescoes on tomb walls. ZLively depictions of lifedancing, games, music, and feasting. ZPottery at first copies of Greek works. Later, created their own bronze pottery. ZBronze crafts [mirrors, bowls, candelabra].

29. DanceDance Double Flutist

30. An Etruscan Banquet

31. Etruscan Wrestlers

32. Etruscan Jars & Vases

33. Etruscan Bronzes

34. The Gate of Volterra: First known Archway in History!

35. Tarquin [Etruscan] Rulers of Rome Reign of Romulus 753-716 BCE Numa Pompilius 715-674 BCE Tullius Hostillius 673-642 BCE Anchus Marcius 642-617 BCE Lucius Tarquinian Priscus 616-579 BCE Servius Tullius 578-535 BCE Lucius Tarquinius Superbus 535-510 BCE 509 BCE Roman Revolt Republic Established!

36. The Origins of Rome Indo- Europeans 2,000-1,000 BCEIndo- Europeans 2,000-1,000 BCE City-state of Rome founded 753 BCECity-state of Rome founded 753 BCE Tiber River / Seven Hills of RomeTiber River / Seven Hills of Rome Strategic importanceStrategic importance

37. Tiber River / Seven Hills of Rome

38. The Origins of Rome Romulus and Remus Rape of the Sabine Women

39. Romulus and Remus

41. Rome's twin founders Foundation myth Descendants of the Trojan prince and refugee Aeneas Fathered by Mars and Rhea Silvia

43. Uncle exposes them to die in wild. Found by a she-wolf who suckles and cares for them. Twins are eventually restored to their regal birthright, Acquire many followers Decide to found a new city.

44. Romulus and Remus given shelter by Pietro-da-Cortona

45. Romulus wishes new city on Palatine Hill; Remus prefers Aventine Hill. Agree to determine the site through augury. Romulus appears to receive the sign, but each claims the truth.

46. Tiber River / Seven Hills of Rome

47. Disputes follow, Remus is killed. Romulus names the new city Rome, after himself Creates the Roman Legions and the Roman Senate.

49. Adds citizens to his new city by abducting the women of the neighboring Sabine tribes, Result = combination of Sabines and Romans as one Roman people. Rome rapidly expands

50. Rape of the Sabine Women

51. Dominant force, due to: Divine guidance and Inspired administrative, military and political leadership of Romulus. Romulus increasingly autocratic Disappears in mysterious circumstances Deified as the god Quirinus Divine persona of the Roman people.

53. The History of Rome Roman history in three major political phases: The Kingdom (753-507)- Traditionally, rule by seven kings from Romulus to Tarquinius Superbus The Republic (507-31)- Rule by Senate, Consuls, Assemblies, and dictators The Empire (31 BCE – 476 CE )- Rule by emperors