1. The Circulatory System: Treatment of Heart Disease

2. Types of Treatment for Heart Disease There are many types of heart disease, therefore, there are many treatments. We will focus on the following: – Coronary Heart Disease Angioplasty Stents Coronary bypass surgery – Abnormal Heart Rhythms Pacemakers

3. Angioplasty A blockage exists in one of the coronary arteries. A catheter with a “balloon” at the end, is pushed through a main vein or artery to the site of the plaque. When the balloon is positioned at the site of the plaque, it is inflated and the plaque compressed, opening the artery.

4. Angioplasty http://www.invisionguide.com/heart/flash/in dex_reg.php http://www.invisionguide.com/heart/flash/in dex_reg.php

5. Stents Usually used following angioplasty. Stents are wire mesh tubes that are inserted into the area of blockage to keep the plaque compressed. When placed in the artery and released, they expand (much like the angioplasty balloon) and compress the plaque. They are left in the persons body for the rest of their life.

6. Stents http://www.invisionguide.com/heart/flash/in dex_reg.php http://www.invisionguide.com/heart/flash/in dex_reg.php

7. Coronary Bypass Surgery What is a bypass? When is it necessary for a person to have bypass surgery? – A person has a severely blocked artery. – It is not fixable by other means, such as angioplasty and/or stents. – The surgeon actually has to build a new coronary artery.

8. Coronary Bypass Surgery How is a bypass constructed? – An unimportant vein/artery is removed from the leg. – This vein/artery is then attached to the heart in such a way that blood is diverted around the blockage, and directed to the part of the heart that needs it. One end is attached to the aorta. Why? One end is attached to the coronary artery BELOW the site of the blockage (plaque). Why?

9. Coronary Bypass Surgery http://www.invisionguide.com/heart/flash/in dex_reg.php http://www.invisionguide.com/heart/flash/in dex_reg.php

10. Coronary Bypass Surgery

12. Pacemakers Some people have abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) that are detrimental to their health. Their hearts conduction system is malfunctioning. – Electrical impulses are not coordinated the way they should be. – Person can no longer rely on their heart to generate the correct impulses. This is when a pacemaker is needed…

13. Pacemakers What is a pacemaker? – A pacemaker is a small device surgically placed under the skin of the chest or abdomen. It contains: – Battery – Computerized generator – Wires with electrodes on one end The battery powers the generator, and a thin metal box surrounds both it and the generator. The wires connect the generator to the heart.

14. Pacemakers

17. – Helps control abnormal heart rhythms by using electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate. – The pacemaker's generator sends the electrical pulses that correct the heart’s rhythm. – A computer chip figures out what types of electrical pulses to send to the heart and when those pulses are needed. – Newer versions of the technology can: Monitor and record the heart's electrical activity and the rhythm of the heartbeat. Monitor blood temperature Monitor breathing rate Adjust heart rate to changes in activity.

18. Pacemakers

19. http://www.invisionguide.com/heart/flash/in dex_reg.php http://www.invisionguide.com/heart/flash/in dex_reg.php

20. Pacemaker vs. ICD Implantable Cardio-defibrillator (ICD) – Fibrillation Rapid, irregular, and unsynchronized contraction of the heart. – Atrial fibrillation is not typically fatal. – Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) can be rapidly fatal. – When a person is in V-fib, there is no blood getting to the tissues of their body. The ventricles are just quivering rather than beating. – This is when an external defibrillator would be used. Electrified paddles applied to the chest and discharged. Shocks the heart back into normal rhythm. – For people with a chronic problem, a small defibrillator can be implanted in their chest. Shocks the heart when ever it deems necessary. – These are NOT pacemakers!!!

21. Row 1 = Team 1 Row 2 = Team 2 Row 3 = Team 3 Row 4 = Team 4 1.Team 1 2.Team 2 3.Team 3 4.Team 4

22. How many meters are there in 250 centimeters? 1.250 m 2.25 m 3.2.5 m 4..25 m

23. On the surface of the brain, what are sulci? 1.Raised areas 2.Recessed areas 3.The lobes 4.The bottom of the brain stem

24. Rods allow us to see… 1.In bright light 2.In dim light 3.Using our peripheral vision 4.Both 2 and 3 5.Both 1 and 3

25. What is the fovea of the eye? 1.Where light is focused 2.Contains cones only 3.None of the above 4.Both 1 and 2

26. Which of the following are true about cones? 1.They are located throughout the retina 2.They respond to color 3.They are sensory neurons 4.Both 1 and 3 5.Both 2 and 3

27. Team Scores 0Team 1 0Team 2 0Team 3 0Team 4

28. What part of the brain has been starred? 1.Frontal lobe 2.Temporal lobe 3.Cerebellum 4.Occipital lobe

29. What part of the brain has been starred? 1.Parietal lobe 2.Temporal lobe 3.Cerebellum 4.Occipital lobe

30. What part of the brain has been starred? 1.Parietal lobe 2.Midbrain 3.Cerebellum 4.Pons

31. What part of the brain has been starred? 1.Medulla oblongata 2.Midbrain 3.Brain stem 4.Pons

32. What part of the brain has been starred? 1.Parietal lobe 2.Temporal lobe 3.Cerebellum 4.Pons

33. Team Scores 0Team 1 0Team 2 0Team 3 0Team 4

34. The eardrum is associated with which part of the ear? 1.External ear 2.Middle ear 3.Inner ear 4.Choclea

35. Team Scores 0Team 1 0Team 2 0Team 3 0Team 4

36. Which of the following are ossicles? 1.Malleous 2.Stapes 3.Inculus 4.Both 1 and 2 5.1, 2, and 3

37. Team Scores 0Team 1 0Team 2 0Team 3 0Team 4

38. The sense of a person’s position in space is determined by… 1.Sight 2.Inner ear 3.Touch 4.All of the above 5.None of the above

39. Team Scores 0Team 1 0Team 2 0Team 3 0Team 4 0Team 5

40. Which of the following systems are closely linked with the endocrine system? 1.Circulatory System 2.Skeletal System 3.Respiratory System 4.Nervous System

41. Team Scores 0Team 1 0Team 2 0Team 3 0Team 4

42. Which gland is the control center of the endocrine system? 1.Thyroid 2.Pituitary 3.Pancreas 4.Adrenal

43. Team Scores 0Team 1 0Team 2 0Team 3 0Team 4