2. Motives for European Exploration 1.Gold 2.Glory 3.God.

3. New Maritime Technologies Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Better Maps Sextant Mariners Compass

4. New Weapons Technology

5. Prince Henry, the Navigator School for Navigation, 1419

6. Portuguese Maritime Empire 1.Exploring the west coast of Africa. 2.Bartolomeo Dias, 1487. Rounded Africas southern tip 3.Vasco da Gama, 1498. All water route to India

7. Christofo Colon [1451-1506]

8. Columbus Four Voyages

9. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16 c

10. Atlantic Explorations Looking for El Dorado

11. Fernando Cortez The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs Montezuma II vs.vs.

12. Mexico Surrenders to Cortez

13. Francisco Pizarro The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas Atahualpa vs.

15. The Columbian Exchange Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping Cough Trinkets Liquor GUNS

16. Treasures from the Americas!

17. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

18. The Slave Trade 1.Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans. 2.Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans. Sugar cane & sugar plantations. First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518. 275,000 enslaved Africans exported to other countries. 3.Between 16 c & 19 c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.

19. Slave Ship Middle Passage

20. Coffin Position Below Deck

21. European Empires in the Americas

22. The Colonial Class System Peninsulares Creoles MestizosMulattos Native Indians Black Slaves

23. Administration of the Spanish Empire in the New World 1.Encomienda or forced labor. 2.Amerindians: Worked for an owner for a certain number of days per week, but retained parcels to work for self

24. The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Guadalajara Cathedral Guadalajara Cathedral Our Lady of Guadalupe Our Lady of Guadalupe Spanish Mission Spanish Mission

25. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 Goal: Spain sought to secure CCs discoveries in the New World Provisions: New World divided btw Sp and Portugal Portugal was granted exclusive rights to the African slave trade (asiento) N-S line drawn down middle of Atlantic Ocean Sp=West of line Port=East Portugal retained Brazil and claims to Africa and Sp got rest of New World

26. Father Bartolome de Las Casas New Laws 1542

27. New Colonial Rivals 1.Portugal lacked the numbers and wealth to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean. 2.Spain in Asia consolidated its holdings in the Philippines. 3.First English expedition to the Indies in 1591. Surat in NW India in 1608. 4.Dutch arrive in India in 1595.

28. New Colonial Rivals

29. Impact of European Expansion 1.Native populations ravaged by disease. 2.Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate. [Price Revolution] 3.New products introduced across the continents [Columbian Exchange]. 4.Deepened colonial rivalries.

30. 5. New Patterns of World Trade