1. Review for Unit One Test AP Psychology

2. 1. A teacher wants to determine the role of teaching style on quiz scores. To do this, she divides a class into two groups and teaches one group using one style and the other group using a second, different style. She then measures the score on the quizzes. The independent variable is A. Group 1 B. Group 2 C. Teaching style D. Scores on the quizzes E. The teacher

3. C. Teaching style

4. 2. A teacher wants to determine the role of teaching style on quiz scores. To do this, she divides a class into two groups and teaches one group using one style and the other group using a second, different style. She then measures the score on the quizzes. The dependent variable is A. Group 1 B. Group 2 C. Teaching style D. Scores on the quizzes E. The teacher

5. D. Scores on the quizzes

6. 3. If Tara was to do a study that involved using two groups that already existed, and she simply measured an aspect of their behavior, she could determine how the groups are related on a particular measure of behavior. Such a study would typically involve statistics. If she didn’t want to infer causation, but rather was just interested in the relationship between variables, she would be using which statistic? A. Mean B. Standard deviation C. t-test D. z score E. Correlation

8. 4. If Sarah scored one standard deviation above the average, ___________ percentage of the population scored higher than she did. A. 16 B. 25 C. 50 D. 65 E. 95

9. A. 16

10. 5. A correlation of +.90 would probably indicate A. a very weak negative relationship between variables. B. that variable A caused variable B to occur. C. that variable B caused variable B to occur. D. a strong positive relationship between the two variables. E. no relationship between two variables.

11. D. a strong positive relationship between the two variables.

12. 6. If we reject our null hypothesis, we can say our results are A. important. B. significant. C. incorrect. D. false. E. reliable.

13. B. significant.

14. 7. which of the following is the most commonly used measure of central tendency? A. correlation B. mean C. median D. standard deviation E. mode

15. B. mean

16. 8. Which of the following is the most commonly used measure of variability? A. correlation B. mean C. median D. standard deviation E. mode

17. D. standard deviation

18. 9. A psychologist, wishing to study the behavior of prisoners, arranges to dress as a prison guard so that he can stand in the recreation area and study unobtrusively the actions and interactions of the inmates. The psychologist is employing which of the following research tools? A. quasi-experimental B. naturalistic observation C. correlational research D. random sampling E. case study

19. B. naturalistic observation

20. 10. When subjects are administered a series of written questions designed to assess their attitudes, opinions or behavior, this is called A. direct observation B. a questionnaire C. an interview D. a psychological test E. a case study

21. B. a questionnaire

22. 11. To demonstrate causation, a researcher must A. manipulate the way a participant responds to some aspect of a situation. B. operationalize dependent and independent variables. C. develop a hypothesis that predicts the relationship between variables. D. show that the manipulation of one variable invariably leads to predicted change in another E. demonstrate a positive rather than a negative correlation between variables.

23. D. show that the manipulation of one variable invariably leads to predicted change in another

24. 12. An operational definition A. describes the actions and procedures used to measure or control a variable. B. separately defines each term used. C. provides a logical basis for each term. D. states the relationship to other variables. E. ensures causality.

25. A. describes the actions and procedures used to measure or control a variable.

26. 13. In an experiment, the variable that is controlled or manipulated by the researcher is called A. dependent variable B. independent variable C. control variable D. stimulus variable E. operational definition

27. B. independent variable

28. 14. One way to control for experimenter bias is to A. use a single-blind study B. use a double-blind study C. use random samples D. use a control group E. sing loudly and obnoxiously off-key

29. B. use a double-blind study

30. 15. We can control for the placebo effect by A. using a single-blind study B. using a double-blind study C. using random samples D. using a control group E. putting Westerholt in charge

31. A. using a single-blind study

32. 16. A sample is representative if A. only volunteer subjects are used B. it is as different from the population as possible C. all the subjects are chosen from a single, unusual segment of the population D. its composition is similar to the composition of the population

34. 17. The tendency for survey subjects to provide answers that place them in afavorable light is referred to as A. sampling bias B. response stereotyping C. placebo effect D. socially desirable responding

36. 18. As interest rates increase, house sales decline, indicating A. a direct correlation between the two variables B. a negative correlation between the two variables C. a positive correlation between the two variables D. no correlation between the two variables

37. B. a negative correlation between the two variables

38. 19. An experimenter tests the hypothesis that physical exercise helps people’s moods (makes them happier). Subjects in the experimental group participate on Monday and Tuesday, and those in the control group on Wednesday and Thursday. What is the extraneous (confounding) variable? A. the hypothesis B. the day of the week C. the exercise D. the mood (degree of happiness)

39. B. the day of the week

40. 20. The mean hourly wage reportedly earned by teachers responding to a survey is an example of a(n) A. descriptive statistic B. correlational statistic C. inferential statistic D. null statistic

41. A. descriptive statistic

42. 21. What type of research would use a single group tested, given a treatment, then tested again? A. correlational study B. experiment C. quasi-experiment D. case study

43. C. quasi-experiment