1. Crowdsourcing and Gaelic corpus development Mark.McConville@glasgow.ac.uk

3. Gaelic in Siabost A comprehensive survey of Gaelic ability, use and attitudes in 2011 - attitudes to Gaelic are extremely positive but most parents and grandparents speak to their children in English most children enter English-medium primary education.

4. Tragedy of the Commons an unregulated depletable shared resource will be destroyed through overuse, by individuals acting independently and rationally in their own short-term self-interest even though everyone knows that the destruction of the shared resource would be harmful to everyone’s long-term interests Solution - enclosure, privatisation.

5. The Gaelic commons Language is an economic choice - English - the language of national and international labour markets Gaelic - the language of local self- identity. Gaelic development requires an economic solution - parents need to be persuaded of the tangible, short-term economic benefits of raising their children as Gaelic- speakers.

6. Gaelic development Acquisition - more Gaelic-speakers Status/usage - more Gaelic-speaking Corpus - standardisation and elaboration orthography, lexicon, grammar,...

7. Gaelic corpus: 1900 The Gaelic Bible - New Testament (1767) Old Testament (1801) Literature - prose and poetry Prescriptive grammars - Forbes, 1848 Cameron Gillies,1896

8. Gaelic corpus: 1970 Perceived decline in standards - increase in inconsistency? more demand for consistency? Tragedy of the Commons - the Gaelic corpus as an unowned, rapidly depleting resource privatisation - GOC

9. Gaelic Language Academy? National Plan for Gaelic 2007-2012 - commitment to a coordinated approach to Gaelic corpus planning, including a Gaelic Language Academy But very little progress has been made - no Gaelic Language Academy is in sight. Why?

10. Partnership approach? The National Plan commits BnaG to a partnership approach to Gaelic development. Plethora of Gaelic development organisations - BnaG, CnaG, An Comunn Gàìdhealach Gaelic Books Council, Gaelic Arts Agency, Gaelic Learners Association, MG Alba,... Gaelic language plans SQA, Education Scotland, Stòrlann, BBC, BCSS,...

11. The Tragedy of the Anticommons a resource cannot be exploited effectively because there are too many owners, all of whom need to agree on how best to proceed. Solution - “bundling”, either by government, or by market forces. Obstacles - ideological factors, lack of trust, rent-seeking

12. Crowdsourcing commons-based peer production (cf. firm production and market production) Web 2.0, user-generated content, wikis diversity trumps ability Can we crowdsource corpus planning for Gaelic? A “wikademy”?

13. Reasons for optimism? OED, English orthography Fòram na Gàidhlig, Gàidhlig-B Broadband Web 2.0 Strong grassroots interest in Gaelic corpus planning

14. Community of practice Gaelic language professionals CPD Academic linguists open science social impact Amateur enthusiasts, language activists

15. http://comhla.wikispaces.co m