1. Manufacturing Brian Russell

2. Manufacturing Turning raw materials into goods which we need or want and are able to sell to others.

3. Manufacturing Requires: Special buildings or places of work Organisation of people Organisation of tools & equipment Communication systems Efficient working methods Health and safety considerations

4. Manufacturing Terms Primary Processing Secondary Processing

5. Primary Processing Turning raw materials into useful stock sizes Materials come from: Out of the ground Animals Trees & plants Oil

6. Making Paper Trees cut & shredded Water added Boiled up to make wood pulp Chemicals and dyes added Pulp poured over fine mesh and squeezed between rollers

7. Secondary Processing Casting & moulding Forming Wastage (or separation) Conditioning Assembling Finishing

8. Casting & Moulding Injection Moulding Die Casting Food Moulding

9. Forming Drop Forging Pressing Line Bending

10. Wastage Sawing Turning Milling

11. Finishing Painting Printing

12. Manufacturing Costs Finance Labour Costs (or Automation) Transportation Energy Plant Raw Materials

13. Scales of Production One-off or Jobbing Production Batch Production Mass or Flow Production Continuous Production

14. Just in Time Shared information systems Reduced lead times Less finance tied up in stock

15. Flexible Manufacturing Benefits of one-off production at mass production prices Only possible with ICT

16. Computer Integrated Manufacture All the computer functions are integrated together in a fully automated system. This would include moving materials/assemblies between machining operations.

17. Quality Issues Consistency Right first time every time Working to tolerances Materials in as well as products out

18. Quality Assurance Procedures to manage all functions which affect quality QA checks the systems Monitors processes Applies standards Part of the Total Quality Management (TQM) of the company

19. Quality control One part of QA A series of checks – size, strength, weight, taste etc.

20. Tolerances Acceptable range of difference from standard Sometimes measured in plus/minus No product manufactured in quantity can be considered to be perfect in every detail

21. Certification Manufacturers who work to recognised standards are awarded certification

22. BS EN ISO 9000:2000 One of the most important series of standards, these provide companies with a framework for developing a set of processes that ensure a common sense approach to the management of the organisation.