1. Church History and Christian Ministry Augustine (354 – 430) Thomas Aquinas (1225 – 1274) Martin Luther (1483 – 1546) Karl Barth (1886 – 1968)

2. A Sketch of Church History to Augustine The situation of the church – war on two fronts External conflict Early apologists Sporadic persecution Justin Martyr (100 – 165) Peripatetic philosopher Relied heavily on logos idea of Greeks Gave helpful practical insight into early Christianity

3. The situation of the church – war on two fronts External conflict Early apologists Irenaeus (150 – 202) Sporadic persecution Justin Martyr (100 – 165) A Sketch of Church History to Augustine Wrote: Against Heresies (c. 180) Trained under Polycarp Adds considerable detail to first century history

4. The situation of the church – war on two fronts External conflict Early apologists Irenaeus (150 – 202) Tertullian (160 – 225) Sporadic persecution Justin Martyr (100 – 165) A Sketch of Church History to Augustine Roman lawyer converted as adult Developed early idea of “trinity” Repudiated any tie between Christianity and Greek thought

5. The situation of the church – war on two fronts External conflict Early apologists Irenaeus (150 – 202) Tertullian (160 – 225) Origen (185 – 254) Sporadic persecution Justin Martyr (100 – 165) A Sketch of Church History to Augustine Deep student of scripture Introduced allegorical approach

6. The situation of the church – war on two fronts Early apologists Irenaeus (150 – 202) Tertullian (160 – 225) Origen (185 – 254) Diocletian (244 – 311): last gasp of persecution Sporadic persecution Justin Martyr (100 – 165) A Sketch of Church History to Augustine External conflict

7. The situation of the church – war on two fronts Internal conflict Council of Nicaea (325): Arianism Council of Constantinople (381): Apolinarianism Council of Ephesus (431): Nestorianism Council of Chalcedon (451): Eutychianism Council of Constantinople II (553): Monophysitism Council of Constantinople III (680): Monothelytism Council of Nicaea II (787): Iconolatry A Sketch of Church History to Augustine

8. Augustine (354 – 430) Greatest theologian in all history? Maybe! Everybody claims Augustine, but for different reasons b. 354 – N. Africa, Monica and unbelieving father Good education – at great cost Pear story 371 – moved to Carthage

9. Joined Manichaeans – naturalistic, dualistic, low view of Christianity 386 – University of Milan Ill, disillusioned by Manichaeans, split with girlfriend Attending church at Ambrose church – loved his style Augustine (354 – 430) 381 – moved to Rome – sets up shop for rhetoric

10. Augustine (354 – 430) Milan Frustrated with his own passions The Garden Incident Romans 13:13 Quit job – returned to Africa - Hippo Let us walk properly, as in the day, not in revelry and drunkenness, not in lewdness and lust, not in strife and envy.

11. Thought of Augustine Influenced by Plato - Idealist Idea precedes experience – Augustine thinks this helps – begin with certain element of faith prior to experience The spectrum of views in church history Fideism Rationalism AugustineThomas Aquinas

12. Augustine’s five types of faith To think with assent Provisional acceptance – hypothetical method Acceptance of authority Compulsion of the truth Surrender of the will

13. Augustine and the Church OneExclusivity of the Church HolyUniqueness of the Church Catholic Inclusiveness of the Church Apostolic Authority of the Church

14. Other important themes: Pelagian Controversy Augustine’s Epistemology – theory of illumination