1. Byzantine Empire Christian church became known as Eastern Orthodox Church Eastern (Greek) Orthodox Church

2. Hagia Sophia Istanbul Hagia Sophia Constantinople

3. Patriarch led Eastern Orthodox Church Pope led Roman Catholic Church

4. The Great Schism The Great Schism separation between the Roman Catholic Church the Eastern Orthodox Church Eastern Orthodox Church did not accept the Pope’s claim as head of Church

5. The Great Schism The Great Schism separation between the Roman Catholic Church the Eastern Orthodox Church Eastern Orthodox Church did not accept the Pope’s claim as head of Church 1054 Pope & Patriarch excommunicated each other

6. Seljuk Turks threatened Constantinople

7. Crusades Alexius I Alexius I (Constantinople) asks Pope Urban II Pope Urban II (Rome) for help Protect ConstantinopleProtect Constantinople Liberate Jerusalem and Palestine regionLiberate Jerusalem and Palestine region

8. Urban II called for crusades against –Infidels –A cursed race Crusades

9. Pope Urban II Called For the First Crusade “From Jerusalem and the city of Constantinople comes a grievous report,… An accursed race…has violently invaded the lands of those Christians… “Both knights and footmen, both rich and poor…strive to help expel…from our Christian lands before it is too late… Christ commands it. Remission of sins will be granted for those going thither.”

10. Pope Urban II Called For the First Crusade “GOD WILLS IT”

11. Hopes of Man Europeans Pope Urban Men and women left for Holy Land - Few returned Religious Zeal Wealth and Land Adventure

12. Hopes of Man Europeans Pope Urban Men and women left for Holy Land - Few returned Religious Zeal Wealth and Land Adventure SchismHeal the Schism Increase his power in Europe Slow the European Wars between lords

14. Massacred Jewish communities in Europe on way to Jerusalem First Crusades

15. Massacred Jewish communities in Europe on way to Jerusalem French knights captured Antioch in 1098 Jerusalem in 1099 First Crusades

16. Massacred Jewish communities in Europe on way to Jerusalem French knights captured Antioch in 1098 Jerusalem in 1099 Massacred Muslim, Jewish, and some Christians First Crusades

17. Saladin 1187 Saladin recaptures Jerusalem 1187 “To us Jerusalem is a precious…as it is to you, because it is the place from where our Prophet made his journey by night to heaven…Do not dream that we will give it up to you” - Saladin

18. 3 rd Crusade 1189 Richard I of England (Richard the Lionheart) Negotiated a settlement with Saladin to allow Christian pilgrims free access to Jerusalem

19. 4 th Crusade 1193 - Pope Innocent III initiated the 4 th crusade

20. 4 th Crusade Crusaders diverted to Constantinople & attacks the city in 1204

21. 4 th Crusade Permanently separated the Catholic Church and Greek Orthodox Church

22. Port of Acre last Christian outpost conquered (north of Jerusalem) 1291 Just as Bloody as the sacking of Jerusalem – This time - the Christians died

24. Increased wealth of Genoa and Venice, Italy

25. genocide Began Jewish persecution and genocide Increased wealth of Genoa and Venice, Italy

26. genocide Began Jewish persecution and genocide Fall of Feudalism… Increase power of Kings “Centralized Government”

27. genocide Began Jewish persecution and genocide Increased wealth of Genoa and Venice, Italy Fall of Feudalism… Increase power of Kings Technology:ShipsMapsWeapons

28. genocide Began Jewish persecution and genocide Increased wealth of Genoa and Venice, Italy Fall of Feudalism… Increase power of Kings Technology:ShipsMapsWeaponsDevelopmentOfUniversities

29. Universities Develop in Europe OxfordOxford (unknown, 1096) (unknown, 1096) CambridgeCambridge (1209) (1209) New interest in learning from Crusades New interest in learning from Crusades Need for priests Need for priests

30. Sultan Mahmet II: Conqueror of Constantinople Ottoman Turks Ottoman Turks eventually conquer a weakened Byzantine Empire 1451

31. Constantinople was weakened Hagia Sophia Istanbul