1. Chapter 2 Section 3

2. Colony Founder/Year Founded Reasons Founded

5. The Pilgrims Land at Plymouth A group of Puritans, called separatists, broke away from the Anglican Church to form their own church King James I saw this as an action challenging him He imprisoned separatist leaders A group of the Puritan separatists fled to Holland in 1608 Left because of religious persecution Became known as pilgrims In 1617, they decided to sail for America

6. Puritans

7. Mayflower Arrives in America Pilgrims returned to England to join other separatists Set sail on the Mayflower in September of 1620 102 passengers Journey across the Atlantic =65 days Food shortage=many became ill and one died A severe storm threw them off course, eventually saw land at Cape Cod, Mass. in Nov. Were suppose to land in Virginia=instead landed in Plymouth, Mass.

8. Mayflower

9. Plymouth Colony William Bradford=one of leaders of Plymouth colony Stated they first built homes for the colonists Eventually a plague killed all but 50 of the colonists Colonists met a Native American called Squanto=he helped colonists thrive Taught them how to grow corn, fish, and to live off the land Helped them draw up a treaty with the local N.A.’s (Wampanoag) Joined the Wampanoag in the fall for a three day feast=thanked God for their good fortune= Thanksgiving

11. Puritans Found Massachusetts In 1625, King Charles I took the throne and his opposition towards Puritans increased Caused Puritans to want to leave England for America

12. A City on Hill A depression hit England=wool industry collapsed=unemployment for Puritans Puritans now suffered religious and economic hardship John Winthrop and other wealthy Puritans were stockholders in the Mass. Bay Company received a royal charter to in March 1629=colonize in New England Winthrop turned his business venture into a refuge for Puritans March 1630, 11 ships, 900 settlers set sail

13. James Winthrop

15. A City on Hill By the end of 1630, 17 ships had brought another 1000 people Founded several towns=Boston=capital Conditions worsened in England led to Great Migration By 1643, 20,000 settlers had arrived in New England

17. Church and State Mass. Bay Company defined gov’t of colony “freemen”=members of MBC Made up General Court=made laws and elected governor 1 st governor was John Winthrop Ignored the charter (GC)=said only him and his assistants could make laws Lasted 4 years=colonists were frustrated b/c they had small voice in gov’t In May 1634, General Court assembled Created a way for yearly election for GC

18. Church and State John Winthrop believed the congregation should control its church With the help of gov’t Passed laws=required everyone to go to church and stated what was illegal (gambling, blasphemy, adultery, and drunkenness=flogging) Collected taxes for church Mass. Bay Colony didn’t allow any other religious views If anyone challenged Puritan ideas=charged with heresy and banished Heretics were considered a threat to the community

19. Rhode Island and Religious Dissent Puritan intolerance led to the founding of other colonies in New England=Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Maine

20. http://www.timepage.org/images/NewEngC olonies.gif

21. Roger Williams Founds Providence In 1631, Roger Williams arrived in Boston Taught his separatist ideology in Salem Angered Puritan church=condemned them for remaining part of Anglican Church Also stated that the land of Plymouth belonged to N.A.’s and king couldn’t give it away Upset John Winthrop b/c if King found this out he could revoke their charter and make them a royal colony In Oct. 1635, General Court ordered him to leave Headed south and founded his own colony Providence=gov’t had no authority over religious matters & different religions were tolerated

22. Roger Williams

23. Anne Hutchinson is Banished Arrived in Boston in during Roger Williams ordeal Claimed she knew which ministers had salvation from God and who didn’t Was called to General Court in 1637 Stated God spoke to her directly=violated Puritan doctrine that God speaks through the Bible Immediately she was banned for heresy She and her followers headed south to Pocasset, later Portsmouth

24. Anne Hutchinson

25. Colony of Rhode Island Massachusetts banished dissenting Puritans over next few years Headed south=founded Newport (1639) and Warwick (1643) Joined with Portsmouth and Providence to become the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Religious freedom and separation of church and state= key parts of the colony’s charter

26. River Towns of Conneticut In 1613, Thomas Hooker asked G.C. for permission to move his congregation to the Connecticut River Valley Needed more land to raise cattle He was also frustrated with Mass. political system Were granted permission Founded Hartford Others followed founded towns of Windsor and Wethersfield In 1637, joined together created their on G.C. Two years later adopted a constitution called Fundamental Orders of Connecticut=1 st written constitution of the American colonies Allowed all adult men to elect governor and the G.C. Read about Pequot War pg. 70 2 nd column 4 th and 5 th paragraphs.

27. Thomas Hooker

28. New Hampshire and Maine Settlers to the N. of Mass. were fishers and fur traders New Hampshire Land was granted to Capt. John Mason Maine Land was granted to Sir Fernando Gorges Both were claimed by Massachusetts Went to court in 1677=English court ruled against Mass. In 1679, N.H. became a royal colony Mass. bought Maine from Gorge’s heirs=remained part of Mass. until 1820

29. King Phillip’s War For 40 yrs. after Pequot War, New England settlers and N.A.’s had good relations Fur trade created Peace King Phillip’s War In 1675, 3 Wampanoag were tried and executed in Plymouth Wampanoag attacked Swansea =sparked King Phillip’s War=named after Metacomet Wampanoag leader=King Phillip (by colonists) he was killed in 1676 but fighting continued in Maine and New Hampshire Settlers won in 1678=few N.A.’s remained in New England New England belonged to English