1. Organization of the Human Body

2. Objectives At the end of this unit you should be able to:
name the cavities of the body and their organs
locate and identify the anatomical and clinical divisions of the abdomen
locate and name the anatomical divisions of the back
pronounce and define terms used to describe the body positions, directions, and planes
use the new words to understand medical terms

3. Structure Definition Example Atom Molecule Compound Cell Tissue Organ
Smallest part of an element.
Hydrogen, zinc, nitrogen
Smallest quantity of a substance that cannot be divided.
NaCl
Substance made up of 2 or more units combined. (A molecule plus an atom.
H2O or water
Smallest unit of life.
Skin cell
A group of similar cells that work together to perform a similar function.
Nerve tissue
A group of tissues that form
together to perform a similar function.
Heart, lungs
A group of organs /structures that work together to perform functions together.
Respiratory
The physical part of a man or woman.
You
Atom
Molecule
Compound
Cell
Tissue
Organ
System
Body

4. Cranial cavity
Dorsal cavity
Spinal cavity
Thoracic cavity
Ventral cavity
Abdominal cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
Pelvic cavity

5. Dorsal or Ventral Dorsal Ventral Dorsal Dorsal Dorsal Ventral Cavity
Location
Pertains to the back of the body
Pertains to the front of the body
Contains the cranial & spinal cavities
Contains the brain
Contains the vertebrae, spinal cord
Contains the thoracic, abdominal, & pelvic cavities
Dorsal
Ventral
Dorsal
Dorsal
Dorsal
Ventral

6. Abdominal, Pelvic, or Thoracic Cavity
Lungs
Liver
Urinary bladder
Heart
Gall bladder
Reproductive organs
Aorta
Spleen
Esophagus
Stomach
Trachea
Pancreas
Intestines
Kidneys
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic

7. Anatomical Position standing with feet forward
hands and arms facing forward
notice the RIGHT and LEFT side are opposite from yours

8. Directional Terms Term Meaning Pertaining to the front of the body
Pertaining to the back of the body
Pertaining to the midline of the body
Toward the side of the body
Toward the head of the body
Below or toward the feet
Away from the point of attachment
Toward the point of attachment
Ventral / Anterior
Dorsal / Posterior
Medial
Lateral
Superior / Cranial
Inferior / Caudal
Distal
Proximal

9. proximal distal medial lateral The forearm is _________ to the hand.
lateral distal medial proximal
proximal
The forearm is _________ to the hand.
distal
The hand is _________ to the forearm.
medial
The big toe is _________ to the little toe.
lateral
The little toe is _________ to the big toe.

10. Abdominal Quadrants 1 2 3 4 Left Upper Quadrant Right Upper Quadrant
Left Lower Quadrant
Right Lower Quadrant 3 4

13. Bones of the neck C1-C7
Bones of the chest T1-T12
Bones of the lower back. Largest of the vertebrae L1-L5
5 fused bones. Referred to by its name.
4 fused bones. Referred to by its name.

14. Body Planes Sagittal Plane Coronal Plane Transverse Plane
divides the body into right and left sides
Coronal Plane
divides the body into a front and back
Transverse Plane
divides the body into upper and lower halves

15. What plane is this image showing?
Sagittal
Coronal
Transverse

16. What plane is this image showing?
Coronal
Transverse
Sagittal

17. What plane is this image showing?
Coronal
Sagittal
Transverse

18. Body Regions Term Meaning Plantar Popliteal Gluteal Sacral Lumbar
Scapular
Cervical
Occipital
sole of foot
back of knee
buttock
sacrum
small of back
shoulder blade
neck
base of skul

19. Body Regions Term Meaning Umbilical Antecubital Axillary Mammary Oral
Ocular
Frontal
coxal
navel
inner elbow
armpit
breast
mouth
eye
forehead
hip

20. Body Regions Term Meaning Pedal Phalangeal Tarsal Patellar Femoral
Palmar
Pubic
Inguinal
foot
toes and/or fingers
ankle
kneecap
thigh
palm
pubis
groin

21. Body Regions Term Meaning Cephalic Cranial Facial Thoracic Brachial
Antebrachial
Carpal
crural
head
cranium
face
chest
arm
forearm
wrist
leg

22. Combining Forms Term Meaning abdomin/o anter/o cervic/o coccyg/o
crani/o
cyt/o
caud/o
hist/o
abdominal
front
neck
coccyx
cranium
cell
back
tissue

23. Combining Forms Term Meaning ili/o inguin/o later/o lumb/o medi/o
pelv/o
poster/o
proxim/o
ilium / hipbone
groin
side
lower back
middle
pelvis
back
closer to the point of attachment

24. Combining Forms Term Meaning sacr/o spin/o thorac/o umbilic/o ventr/o
vertebr/o
viscer/o
sacrum / tailbone
spine
chest
navel
front
vertebra
organ

26. Celery Surgery head front – groove toward you feet
After you have placed your patient in the supine position, assume you are the surgeon performing the following 4 surgical procedures on your patient (celery).
head
front – groove toward you
feet

27. At the umbilicus, make a SUPERFICIAL MIDSAGITTAL INCISION on the ventral surface  of your patient. Extend the incision inferiorly to the feet (base of the stalk of celery).
2. At the Superior end (head of patient), Make a DEEP TRANSVERSE INCISION on the dorsal surface of your patient.  Do not transect your  (cut into two halves) patient.\
3. Enter at the  LATERAL surface at the umbilical level and make a complete FRONTAL (CORONAL) incision and proceed inferiorly (all the way to the feet).
4. Make a COMPLETE MEDIAL NOTCH * on the inferior end of your patient (celery).  *a notch is a 3-D triangle similar to the wedge made in the side of a tree as you are chopping it down