1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Frederic H. Martini PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Chapter 21, part 5 Blood Vessels and Circulation

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 21-8 Fetal Circulation

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fetal blood flow to the placenta is supplied via paired umbilical arteries A single umbilical vein drains from the placenta to the ductus venosus Collects blood from umbilical vein and liver Empties into the inferior vena cava Placental Supply

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fetal Circulation of the Heart and Great Vessels No need for pulmonary function in the fetus Two shunts bypass the pulmonary circuit Foramen ovale Ductus arteriosus

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cardiovascular Changes at Birth Lungs and pulmonary vessels expand Ductus arteriosus constricts and becomes ligamentum arteriosum A valvular flap closes the foramen ovale

6. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.35a, b Figure 21.35 Fetal Circulation

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 21-9 Aging and the Cardiovascular System

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Age-related changes in blood may include Decreased hematocrit Constriction or blockage of peripheral veins by a thrombus Pooling of blood in the veins of the legs Vessels are less elastic, prone to Ca 2+ deposits and thrombi formation The aging heart has reduced output, decreased activity, and scarring

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings You should now be familiar with: The types of blood vessels Fluid and dissolved material transport into and out of the cardiovascular system The factors that influence blood pressure and blood pressure regulation The mechanisms involved in the movement of fluids between capillaries and interstitial spaces

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings You should now be familiar with: How blood flow and pressure in tissues is regulated The principle blood vessels of each circuit and the areas they serve Fetal circulation patterns and the changes that occur in these patterns at birth and during aging