1. ADVANCED BIOLOGY CHAPTER 1 - PART 2

2. ANATOMICAL POSITION BODY ERECT (STANDING UP) FEET PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER (SHOULDER WIDTH APART) ARMS HANGING AT SIDES PALMS FACING FORWARD

4. The Language of Anatomy Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding Exact terms are used for: Position Direction Regions Structures

5. DIRECTIONAL TERM SUPERIOR: TOWARD HEAD; ABOVE EX: NOSE IS SUPERIOR TO CHIN

6. DIRECTIONAL TERM INFERIOR: AWAY FROM HEAD; BELOW EX: NOSE IS INFERIOR TO EYES

7. DIRECTIONAL TERM ANTERIOR (VENTRAL): FRONT OF BODY; IN FRONT OF EX: BELLY IS ANTERIOR TO BACK EX: HEART IS ANTERIOR TO SPINE

8. DIRECTIONAL TERM POSTERIOR (DORSAL): BACKSIDE OF BODY; BEHIND EX: SPINE IS POSTERIOR TO BREASTBONE EX: SHOULDER BLADE IS POSTERIOR TO COLLAR BONE

9. DIRECTIONAL TERM MEDIAL: TOWARD THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY; ON THE INNER SIDE OF BODY EX: THE NOSE IS MEDIAL TO THE EARS

10. DIRECTIONAL TERM LATERAL: AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY; ON THE OUTER SIDE OF BODY EX: ARMS ARE LATERAL TO THE BODY TRUNK

11. DIRECTIONAL TERM PROXIMAL: CLOSE TO THE POINT OF LIMB ATTACHMENT EX: KNEE IS PROXIMAL TO THE ANKLE EX: ANKLE IS PROXIMAL TO THE TOES

12. DIRECTIONAL TERM DISTAL: FARTHER AWAY FROM THE POINT OF LIMB ATTACHMENT EX: ANKLE IS DISTAL TO THE KNEE EX: WRIST IS DISTAL TO THE ELBOW

13. DIRECTIONAL TERM SUPERFICIAL: TOWARD THE BODY SURFACE; NEAR THE TOP EX: RIBS ARE SUPERFICIAL TO THE HEART EX: SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE SUPERFICIAL TO THE BONE

14. DIRECTIONAL TERM DEEP: AWAY FROM THE BODY SURFACE; MORE INTERNAL EX: STOMACH IS DEEP TO THE SKIN

15. Orientation and Directional Terms Table 1.1

16. Orientation and Directional Terms

17. BODY PLANES SAGITTAL: DIVIDES THE BODY VERTICALLY INTO LEFT AND RIGHT PORTIONS PARASAGITTAL = UNEQUAL PORTIONS MIDSAGITTAL = EQUAL PORTIONS

18. BODY PLANES FRONTAL (CORONAL): DIVIDES THE BODY INTO FRONT AND BACK [ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR] PORTIONS

19. BODY PLANES TRANSVERSE: DIVIDES THE BODY INTO UPPER AND LOWER [SUPERIOR & INFERIOR] PORTIONS

20. Body Planes Figure 1.6

21. BODY CAVITIES THE BODY HAS INTERNAL CAVITIES IN WHICH THE ORGANS ARE LOCATED THERE ARE TWO MAIN BODY CAVITES: DORSAL & VENTRAL (EACH OF WHICH HAS SMALLER SUBDIVISIONS)

22. BODY CAVITIES DORSAL: MAIN BODY CAVITY ON POSTERIOR SIDE OF BODY; HAS TWO SUBDIVISIONS -CRANIAL CAVITY: BRAIN -SPINAL/VERTEBRAL CAVITY: SPINAL CORD

23. BODY CAVITIES VENTRAL: LARGEST OF THE TWO MAIN BODY CAVITIES; HAS THREE SUBDIVISIONS -THORACIC CAVITY: HEART, LUNGS, … -ABDOMINAL CAVITY: STOMACH... -PELVIC CAVITY: BLADDER...

24. BODY CAVITIES *DIAPHRAGM: PHYSICAL STRUCTURE THAT SEPARATES THE THORACIC CAVITY FROM THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY. THERE IS NO PHYSICAL SEPARATION OF THE PELVIC AND ABDOMINAL CAVITY

25. Body Cavities Figure 1.7