1. ® Rainer Abendt Dr.- Ing. Rainer-Werner Abendt Nürnberg Contact: rainer.abendt@gmx.de First WASPA Annual International Conference & Exhibition 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Can the costs for waste water disposal be minimized? 1

2. ® Rainer Abendt It is true, waste water disposal is expensive! But it is necessary! Why? It`s undeniable: Supply of clean water to the population is indispensable for health provision. (National Water Services) With appropriation of water, the disposal of the sewage system must be secured. If this is not possible, Epedemien who are transmitted via the water are at any time possible. Therefor, the construction of a sewage system is a health provision. A hygiene measure! This evolution was also in Europe. It only began there already 100 years ago. First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya 2

3. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Effluent Standards (emission) Water Quality Standards (imission) Education Standards: labours and academic Health and Safety Standards 2 1 1 2 3 4 3 4 3

4. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Interest 24% Depriciation 30% Personnel 16% Maintenance 16% Others 14% 17,5 Mio. € 17,6 Mio.€ 25,9 Mio. € 14,9 Mio. € 31,5 Mio. € Example Nürnberg, the Cost of Wast Water Disposal per year: (500.000 Inhabitants and industrial pollution of 1 million Inhabitants) 4

5. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Waste water disposal (Discharge and treatment) Environmental laboratory for: Self-monitoring; Industrial monitoring; Pollutans; Heavy polluters Administration: Finances; Personnel By-laws: Connection approval; Industrial monitoring; Cost covering Sewer construction: General drainage; Sewer network expansion; Sewer operation: Maintenance, repair, operation/control of storage space and outlets (provisions under water law) Wastwater treatment works construction: Matching structures to requirements including commissioning Wastwater treatment works operation: Processes (provision under water law), maintenance, repair, sludge disposal 5

6. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Treatment plant Urban area Evolution of water crowd: - Sewer construction Evolution in sewer network: - By-laws Evolution of Water quality: - Sewer operation 6

7. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Example: „Visual inspection coding system “ 7

8. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Examples in TC`s on Water Subjects:  CEN TC 155 „Plastics piping systems“ “  CEN TC 163 „Sanitary appliances “  CEN TC 164 „Water supply “  CEN TC 165 „Waste Water Engineering“  CEN TC 203 „Cast iron pipes “  CEN TC 208 „Elastomeric seals“  CEN TC 230 „Water analysis “  CEN TC 308 „Characterization of sludges“ 8

9. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya DEN = Technical European Norms Free trade 9

10. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Urban area Evolution of water crowd: - Sewer construction Evolution in sewer network: - By-laws Evolution of Water quality: - Sewer operation Laboratory operating data Demands on the sludge Legal orders secure disposal government control Automatic monitoring Legal orders Planning Accompany projects Treatment plant (Process system) Product 2 " Sludge" Product 1 „Clean Water" Electrical engineering Automizitation Machine engineering Maintenance Building Administration Personnel Documentation Financial management 10

11. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Demands on water quality (Europe): COD BOD 5 Ammonia N tot P tot Suspended Solid 11

12. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Waste Water Treatment Sludge Disposal 54,7% 45,3% The relation of Costs for Wast Water Treatment and Sludge disposal: 12

13. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Criteria for Sludge Treatment  Disposal and Use Potenzial Methods of disposal or use Fertilizing in agriculture Transport  Comparission of Transport Truck or train Criteria: Costs, CO 2 -Minimization, Environmental production  Energy balance Amount of energy for fouling, drying, transport... Gaining Energy e.g. incinneration 13

14. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Waste water is a source of energy:  Use of the water heat out of the sewer or the treatment plant  Use of the waterpower potential on the treatment area  Anaerobe waste water processing  Treated water for irrigation in agriculture  Treated water for fabrication water  Energy generation of sludge digester (gas)  Energy generation of biomass, or organic waste similar with sludge in the digester  Sludge for fertilizing in agriculture  Sludge incineration for heating energy 14

15. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Personnel costs? A financial manager normaly thinks: „An employee is only a factor in costs. Minimize the worker number!“ But my experiences have showed: A motivated worker minimize the operating costs. But he must be developed well in the field of work. On one hand site he needs pure knowledge and on the other site practical experience. Against the background of expensive investments and high operating costs: „A well trained worker is the best investment for a company.“ 15

16. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Example for pure knowledge, a biologic treatment step: 1 1 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 3 1 2 1 4 B1 B2 Material flows 1 : Reactor input 2 : Reactor outlet 3 : treatet water 4 : Sludge recyclet 5 : Sludge outlet 6 : Air input 7 : Exhaust Measurement system B1 : Activated sludge tank (Reactor) B2 : Activated sludge plant 16

17. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Interest 24% Depriciation 30% Personnel 16% Maintenance 16% Others 14% 17,5 Mio. € 17,6 Mio.€ 25,9 Mio. € 14,9 Mio. € 31,5 Mio. € Example Nürnberg, the Cost of Wast Water Disposal per year: (500.000 Inhabitants and industrial pollution of 1 million Inhabitants) 17

18. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya 18

19. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Securing the Qualification of Personnel Question: How do I acquire trained personnel, if I do not have the training and advanced training structure which is developed in Germany?Answer: Personnel must be trained in plants locally. Helpful here is the employment of externally trained instructors or training facilities, such as are also offered by the DWA, together with a training programme. DWA = German Association for Water, Waste Water and Waste 19

20. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Model Neighbourhood Germany and Austria since 25 years Target group  Operators regional Groups approx. 10-20 Utilities 2-3 meetings per year Teachers get trained 20

21. ® Rainer Abendt Thank you for your attention! First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya 21

22. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Costs of the wastewater disposal For example in Nürnberg (including rainwater!): In a 4-person household the costs arising for wastewater disposal for one year are shown as an example: Fresh water consumption 35-40 m³/Person and year Paved and connected surface area of a detached house: 80 m² Calculation: Wastewater charges per year (150 m³ x 1.99 EURO/m³): 298.50 € Precipitation water charges (80 m² x 0.51 EUR/ m²): 40.80 € Total (costs per year): 339.30 € A1

23. ® Rainer Abendt First WASPA Annual International Conference 8-9th September 2011, KICC Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya A 4-person household in Germany has available an average annual income of 21.000 EURO. It must expend 1.6 % of its income for the disposal of waste water. If the waste water charges are distributed over 365 days in the year there is a daily sum of 0.93 EURO. Important relation of costs : If one expresses these charges in purchasing power then the 4-person household has to do without four to five cigarettes a day or one bottle of mineral water or ? A1