1. Dr. Harald Schönberger TMA Karachi 2006 Wastewater fromTowel Manufacturing Industries in Karachi

2. Dr. Harald Schönberger TMA Karachi 2006 Site visits – March/April 2006 Benzene Feroze Shahi Mustafa Commodities Nakshbandi Yunus

3. Dr. Harald Schönberger Recycling without treatment Reuse of low loaded washing water underground tank filter valve Karachi April 2006

4. Dr. Harald Schönberger Recycling without treatment Reuse of low loaded washing water Last washing step C: 2.4 mS/cm pH: 7.5 Karachi April 2006

5. Dr. Harald Schönberger Sampling 8 -10 hours: sample every 15 minutes Karachi April 2006

6. Dr. Harald Schönberger Precipitation/ flocculation with Al 3+ and cationic flocculant  sludge incineration or disposal on secure landfill Karachi April 2006

7. Dr. Harald Schönberger Lab testings on precipitation/flocculation Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 cationic organic flocculant Polyelectr. Karachi April 2006 At RIZVI Textile Institute

8. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006 Effect of aluminium sulfate – Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 x 18 H 2 O Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 6H 2 O  2Al(OH) 3 ↓ + 3SO 4 2- + 6H +

9. Dr. Harald Schönberger Mechanism of cationic organic flocculants to precipitate reactive dyestuffs -- Karachi April 2006

10. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006 Dispensing the chemicals

11. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006 Filtration of precipitate

12. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006 Precipitation/ flocculation Shahi Textiles - sample from KIER

13. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006 Precipitation/ flocculation Shahi Textiles - rinsing water

14. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006 Results

15. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006 Precipitation/ flocculation Friendship composite sample Point 2

16. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006 Precipitation/ flocculation Friendship composite sample Point 4

17. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006 Precipitation/ flocculation Mustafa composite sample

18. Dr. Harald Schönberger Precipitation/ flocculation with Al 3+ and cationic flocculant Karachi April 2006

19. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006 Precipitation/ flocculation Nakshbandi composite sample

20. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006 COD-removal by precipitation/flocculation with aluminium sulfate and organic flocculant Shahi Textiles: 32% (493  336 mg/l) Friendship: Point 2: 57% (322  137 mg/l) Point 4: 29% (650  462 mg/l) Mustafa: 32% (839  567 mg/l) Commodities: < 10% (305  292 mg/l) Nakshbandi: no results yet First cost estimation: about 20 PKR/m 3  for chemicals (plus capital cost + sludge disposal + …)

21. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi 2006 Borewell water of seven visited industries

22. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006

23. Dr. Harald Schönberger TMA Karachi 2005

24. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006 Lab dyeing tests

25. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006 Applied dyestuffs

26. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006 Lab dyeings tests – example for dyeing plan (Sunfix Red S3R)

27. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006

28. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006

29. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006

30. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006

31. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006 Energy recovery

32. Dr. Harald Schönberger TMA Karachi 2005 Conclusions-1 SMA RIZVI Textile Institute can play an important role in wastewater treatment Introduction of wastewater and environmental issues to education of students at SMA RIZVI Textile Institute COD and colour measurement should be available SMA RIZVI Textile Institute

33. Dr. Harald Schönberger Karachi April 2006 Conclusions-2 Recycling of water without treatment is possible for selected streams Process water quality (bore well, IA or RO) has an impact on product quality which is so far not influencing sales

34. Dr. Harald Schönberger TMA Karachi 2005 Conclusions-3 Individual ETP in single cases only Meeting the standards for BOD 5 and COD, biological treatment is required ETP for a limited number of industries in one area is possible Urgent need for CETPs, for every industrial estate each For operating CETP: Industries have to comply with minimum requirements to protect the sewer system

35. Dr. Harald Schönberger... end... Karachi April 2006