1. Income Distribution and Undernutrition Text extracted from The World Food Problem Leathers & Foster, 2004 ttp://www.amazon.com/World-Food-Problem- Toward-Undernutrition/dp/1588266389

2. Poorest of the Poor Live in third world Mostly landless Work for others, menial jobs Poorly educated Illiterate Superstitious Squatters who live in huts Almost no food Fragmented household Debt to relatives or lenders http://archives.zinester.com/60514/143124/232308_slum.JPG

3. Per capita incomes differ Democratic Republic Congo: $80/yr Switzerland: $38,330 Average person in Switzerland makes 500X more than in Mozambique. If compute purchasing power parity, difference between richest and poorest countries is 80X http://faculty.washington.edu/wgold/family%20on%20crinnenhorn.jpg http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/38542000/jpg/_38542715_family300bbc.jpg

4. Purchasing Power Parity 2003 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PPP2003.svg

5. Global Incomes

6. Distribution of World GNP (1989)

7. Human Development Index Measures quality of life High HDI –High income countries Low HDI –Low income countries HDI not perfectly correlated with income http://bp0.blogger.com/_vxI- ox6Dacw/R0yJQ0c_8YI/AAAAAAAAAO4/jCG1CPQfBb0/s1600-h/HDI+map.JPG

8. Gini Coefficient Gini coefficient: –Based on area of crescent made by Lorenz curve – measures inequity of wealth –= A/A+B Gini index = Gini coefficient x 100 Lowest inequity is in Japan – Gini coefficient =.249 Gini index = 24.9 –Richest 20% controls 35% of income Highest inequity is in Brazil –Gini index= 60.7 –Richest 20% controls 64% of income

9. Global Gini Coefficients http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Gini_Coefficient_World_Human_Development_Report_2007-2008.png/800px- Gini_Coefficient_World_Human_Development_Report_2007-2008.png

10. Kuznets Curve As a country develops, rich must get richer first Therefore inequity will increase initially Later, inequity will drop as prosperity increases Data from 75 countries

11. Wealthy out-compete poor for food Can outbid poor for food Also purchase more livestock –Herd becomes more dependent on grain –Price of grain is bid up –Harder for the poor to buy grain

12. Overall inequity declining slowly Global Gini coefficients: –.67 in 1980 –.65 in 1990 –.63 in 2000 –.62 in 2005 (Bob Sutcliff, 2007) http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/today/gallery/media/poverty2.jpg

13. Extreme Inequity Increasing

14. Child Labor 250 million children work worldwide –22% of workforce in Asia –17% of workforce in Latin America –1/3 of children in sub-Saharan Africa Jobs –Agriculture –Textiles –Maids and services –Construction and manufacturing –Prostitution Many sold into debt bondage –To pay parent’s debt or as collateral –Advance on wages http://uzbekistan.neweurasia.net/wp-content/images/june-2007/01_02a.jpg

15. U.S. Poor are Wealthy Poverty income – $9,359/yr Person at poverty line in U.S. – has higher income than 80% of people in the world 97% poor households in U.S. have color TV

16. Middle Class Decline Middle class is disappearing in U.S. Income gap is increasing between wealthy and poor.

17. U.S. Inequity increasing Gini coefficients : –1968: 38.6: –1970: 39.4 –1980: 40.3 –1990: 42.2 –2000: 46.2 –2007: 47.0 http://www.visualizingeconomics.com/wp-content/uploads/us_income_inequal_5_15_2006.jpg

18. Rich in U.S. getting richer http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/images/P1-AL265_COMPAR_20080420183003.gif

19. Hunger in the U.S.A. 36.3 million people live in households that experience hunger –or the risk of hunger –Includes 13 million children –More than one in ten households in the United States (11.2 percent). 1/5 of U.S. food ends up in the landfill Source: Bread for the World Institute (2004) http://www.endhunger.org/images/u_s_hunger.png

20. http://www.bendib.com/newones/2006/november/large/End%20of%20Hunger%20in%20US.jpg