1. SSCG:3a day 12 5. A more Perfect Union
Students will demonstrate knowledge of the U.S. Constitution
EQ:Explain the main ideas in debate over ratification; including those in The Federalist.
Homework:
1. VIPES due Wednesday
2. H/O Jefferson, Madison and Federalist #14
3. Vocabulary due Friday
Agenda: 2nd & 4th 3rd
1. Hw: review 1. Section 2 check
2. Finish anthems 2. Section 3 H/O
3. notes Section 3 Voc.
4. A More Perfect Union 4. Notes
5. A more Perfect Union

2. Creating the Constitution

3. Articles of Confederation, 1781
First form of Government
“Firm league of Friendship between the 13 states
Not an effective government-no strong federal government
One vote per state regardless of size
Congress is powerless to tax, could not raise an army, could not regulate trade nor even print money
No executive top enforce acts of congress
No national court system
Hard to change-amendment took all 13 states approval
9/13 majority to pass laws
13 states acting like 13 different countries
NO UNITY!

4. Shay’s Rebellion
Daniel Shays led a Mass. Farmers rebellion because farmers were losing their farms because of debt
Wanted government to print paper money and pass laws to help farmers and the working poor
Causes concern to national leaders but with no strong central government no one could help out the situation
United States in deep trouble
Shay and his men raid a courthouse

5. Explain the main ideas over ratification
SSCG:3a Day 13
Explain the main ideas over ratification
EQ: What were some of the main issues of debate at the Constitutional Convention?
Homework:
1. Study terms and G.R H/O for 20 question quiz tomorrow
1. Complete Ratifying pack
Agenda:
2nd & 4th 3rd
1. Homework review 1. Ch.2 Sec. 3 G.R.
2. Read s. 4 ans. Q.1-5 p Ch.2 Sec. 3 section voc. On back
3. notes ans. Q.1-4 p. 47
4. Movie 4. quiz tomorrow over sec. 2&3
5. movie

6. Constitutional Convention, 1787
Decided to scrap the Articles and form a new government
New government would need to solve the problems that the Articles had.
George Washington elected Chairman of the Convention
National leaders meet in Philadelphia to amend the Articles of Confederation
Independence Hall, Philadelphia Penn.

7. Constitutional Convention, 1787
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
Delegates met in the hot summer and tempers flared hot as well when the delegates debated
First major problem-How to give big and small states equal representation in Congress
Delegates debate the Constitution

8. Virginia Plan Proposed by James Madison
Plan called for a two house legislature in which representation was based on a states population
Favored by the delegates from large states with big populations because these states would be guaranteed many representatives
Opposed by small states
James Madison

9. New Jersey Plan
1 house legislature in which all states have 1 representative
Equal representation
Supported by delegates from small states & opposed by large states
Constitutional Convention, 1787

10. Great Compromise Roger Sherman
As delegates are arguing and threatening to leave…..
Roger Sherman proposes the Great Compromise
2 house legislature, upper house (Senate) would have have two Senators from each state providing equal representation, lower house (House of Representatives) would base representation on a state population
Both sides agree and the foundation of the American legislative branch was formed
Roger Sherman

11. 3/5th’s Compromise
Another huge debate erupts between the northern and southern states over the issue of slavery
Southern states wanted to count slaves as part of their population for representation in the House of Reps.
Northern states disagree and said slaves should not be counted but that a tax should be levied on slave owners
Compromise-3/5’s of slave population counted toward representation and for tax purposes

12. SSCG:3a
Explain the main ideas over ratification
EQ: What were some of the issues over ratification between the Federalist and Anti-Federalist?
Homework:
1. Complete Federalist/Anti-Federalist organizer. Notes on webpage
2. Complete Constitution handout. Look on hippocampus.org for document
Agenda:
1. Hw review
2. watch movie
3. Begin Constitution search
Current Event:
1. Watch Meet the Press on Sunday. It is on NBC and MSNBC several
times during the day
2. What is going on in Egypt. Lets discuss Monday

13. The Constitution: Blueprints for American Government
Framers devised the concept of the three branches of government
Executive Branch- A President would head this branch and ensure that the laws would be carried out and enforced
Legislative Branch- Congress would represent the people and make the laws of America
Judicial Branch- Supreme Court and the lower courts would hear cases, rule on laws
Federalism- Constitution also creates a system in which power is split between the national and state governments
Checks and Balances were written in to ensure that all branches would be equal and that one branch would not be able to seize too much power

14. Ratification of the Constitution 1787-1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
9/13 states had to ratify
Federalists-supporters of the Constitution
Antifederalists-opposed strong central govt. and were opposed to Constitution
Federalist Papers-documents that were distributed to the citizens to explain the constitution to those that did not understand
Americans read the Federalist Papers

15. Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist
Anti-federalists
Federalists
Patrick Henry
James Monroe
Henry Lee
Samuel Adams
James Madison
Alexander Hamilton
George Washington
Anti-Federalist Patrick Henry gives a powerful speech warning of possible
abuses of power by a strong federal government

16. The Federalist Papers
a series arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution
Papers were published under the pseudonym Pubulis
Written by John Jay, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton
is among the most highly regarded of all American political writings

17. John Jay/Alexander Hamilton
Jay did not attend the Constitutional Convention
Jay wrote 5 of the essays (2-5, and 64)
Concerned with the "dangers from foreign force and influence“
Hamilton 51 of 85 of the essays 1, 6–9, 11–13, 15–17, 21–36, 59–61, and 65–85
Hamilton supported the electoral college and 3/5 compromise

18. Federalist #10 Written by James Madison
Wrote #10, 14, 37–58, and 62–63
Warning against factions and special interest groups that may be against the rights of others
Madison took ideas from Hobbes about strong central government
Thought that the states would act as factions
He wanted to control factions
Argued a small group or the minority could have unfair influence on issues that affect the majority

19. Federalist #51 Madison addressed a system of checks and balances
How these checks and balances will provide for the separation of powers by the three branches of government
"Ambition must be made to counteract ambition."

20. Anti-Federalists

21. Anti-Federalist’s Concerns
written under pseudonyms, such as "Brutus", "Centinel", and "Federal Farmer".
opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government
position of president might evolve into a monarchy.
give state governments more authority
objected to the federal court system
Would not ratify unless there were a bill of rights

22. Federalist/Anti-Federalist
Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, James Madison
Believed in a strong national Government; would protect the rights of the people
Wanted ratification of the Constitution
Believed Bill of Rights was unnecessary
Wanted to replace the Articles of Confederation
Constitution would protect the liberties of all citizens
Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams
Believed in a weaker national government
States should retain more power
Wanted a Bill of Rights included in the Constitution
Did not agree with the ratification process
Wanted to replace the Articles of Confederation
Constitution would protect the liberties of all citizens

23. Debate at the Constitutional Convention

24. Issue #1: Should all states have the same # of reps or should it be based on population?
New Jersey Plan
Virginia Plan
By Paterson
3 branch govt
Unicameral legislature
Rep. in each house is equal
By Madison
3 branch govt
Bicameral legislature
Rep. in both houses based on population

25. The Connecticut Compromise (aka the Great Compromise)
3 branch govt
Bicameral legislature
1 house—House of Representatives based on population- people elect
1 house—Senate equal for each state- state legislators choose

26. Issue #2: Should slaves be counted as people when doing the population count for determining the # of representatives?
Slave State View
Yes! The more people we have, the more representatives we get!
Free State View
No! Slaves don’t have any rights, so the southerners shouldn’t get to count them!

27. Three-Fifths Compromise
Slaves will count as 3/5 of a person when doing population counts, but the slaves owners will pay taxes for their slaves.

28. Issue #3: Should we allow it to continue
Issue #3: Should we allow it to continue? Should we tax exports to other countries?
Slave State View
Free State View
Federal govt has no right to touch the slave trade
They shouldn’t tax exports
Stop the slave trade
Tax exports (make money off things made with slave labor)

29. Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
Congress can’t tax exports
Congress won’t stop slave trade for 20 years (until 1808)

30. Issue #4: Who should be the leader?
Decided on a President

31. Issue #5: How should the President be elected?
By the People?
By the Congress?
By Representatives?
Decided on Electors—the Electoral College System

32. Issue #6: how long should a President's term be?
4 years

33. Issue #7: How would the states powers be protected?
Federalism—power will be divided between national and state governments

34. Issue #8: How would the national government's power be limited so that it could not take away people's rights?
Checks and Balances—each branch can limit the power of the other branches
Later…
Bill of Rights—10 amendments that give people rights

35. Constitution Day!
September 17, 1787

36. Final copy of the Constitution is approved and signed by 39 people
Ratification—had to have 9 states ratify, but they wanted all of them

37. Can we get everyone to agree to the Constitution?
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
The Constitution is as good as it’s going to get
Articles are too weak
James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, & John Jay
Central govt is too strong
People don’t have any rights

38. Bill of Rights
Months of debate led to the Anti-Federalists to ask for a Bill of Rights in order to approve Constitution
Bill of Rights-changes to the Constitution to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens
1789 Constitution is ratified
1791 Bill of Rights added as 1st 10 amendments to the Constitution
James Madison (Father of the Constitution) pens the Bill of Rights

39. Bill of Rights: Basic American Freedoms
1st-Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion, Petition,Assembly
2nd-Right to bear arms
3rd-No quartering of troops
4th-Search and Seizure
5th-Rights of the Accused,self incrimination, double jeopardy
6th-Speedy public jury trial
7th- Jury trial in civil cases
8th-Excessive bail/punishment
9th-Rights of the People
10th-Powers of the States

40. 1st Amendment: Freedom of the Press
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

41. 6th Amendment: Right to a speedy, public trial by jury

42. The Constitution (cont.)
PART 1: Preamble: The introduction (states the purpose of the constitution)
PART 2: Articles: There are 7 Articles (sections)
Article 1: Legislative Branch
Article 2: Executive Branch
Article 3: Judicial Branch
Article 4: State Relations (provides that all the states have a republican form of gov’t)
Article 5: Amendment Process
Article 6: Oath of Office; Supremacy Clause: Constitution is
the “Supreme Law of the Land”
Article 7: Ratification process (needs 9 states)
PART 3: The 27 Amendments
1st ten amendments are known as the Bill of Rights

43. Six Basic Principles
1. Popular Sovereignty- people have the power

44. Six Basic Principles
2. Limited Government- government only has the power given to it by the people.
Rule of Law-gov’t and its officials are never above the law.

45. Six Basic Principles
3. Separation of Power- 3 separate branches of gov’t: Legislative, Executive, & Judicial. All independent & coequal

46. Six Basic Principles
4. Checks & Balances- Each branch can check (restrain) the power of the other branches to ensure a balance of power, so no one branch becomes too powerful.

47. Six Basic Principles
5. Judicial Review- the Supreme Court has the power to declare acts of the gov’t unconstitutional and may remove them.
Est. by the landmark Supreme Court case:
Marbury v. Madison, 1803

48. Six Basic Principles
6. Federalism- powers in our government are divided between the national government and state governments.

49. The Constitution becomes a reality: Washington becomes the first President