1. Bone Mineral Density and Fracture

2. The Plot Thickens: The Bones Thin

3. New Use(s)? Thigh bone connected to the blood stream Flexibility, strength and balance Custom models

4. Both Ends against the Middle Argument for Impact: Mechanical stress activates osteocytes Argument against Impact: Trauma initiates chondral degeneration

5. Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis Impact a must. –Mechanoreceptors: Impact a must. Osteoporosis No Impact. –Chondral Damage: No Impact.

6. Osteoporosis vs Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis Impact a must. –Mechanoreceptors: Impact a must. Osteoporosis No Impact. –Chondral Damage: No Impact.

7. Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis Bone arises from cartilage: Cartilage BoneBoth

8. A Sliver Lining

9. Chondroblasts and ‘Clasts

10. Chondrocytes are Family Practitioners

11. Dynamic Support System

12. Feedback system Architectonic reflects lines of stress Buildup of bone reduces deformation Osteoporosis should increase response

13. Competitive Physiology “Static loading does not prevent osteoporosis” Rubin, CT, Lanyon, LE, Baust, G: “Modulation of bone loss during calcium insufficiency by controlled dynamc load.” Calcif Tis Int 1986;38:209-216.

14. Turkey wings lead the way Competitive Physiology “Static loading does not prevent osteoporosis” “Short periods of dynamic loading protect the bones in calcium-deficiency.” Rubin, CT, Lanyon, LE, Baust, G: “Modulation of bone loss during calcium insufficiency by controlled dynamc load.” Calcif Tis Int 1986;38:209-216.

15. Turkey wings lead the way 3H uridine rises six-fold after loading 1 8 seconds of loading = prevention 2 72 seconds of loading > 30% - 40% 2 Nothing more with 720 or 3600 seconds 2 1. Pead, MJ, Suswillo, R, Skerry, TM et al: “Increased 3H uridine levels in osteocytes following a single short period of dynamic bone loading in vivo.” Calcif Tisue Int 1988;43:93-97. 2. Rubin, CT, Lanyon, LE: “Regulation of bone formation by applied dynamic loads. J Bone Joint Surg 1984;66A:397-402.

16. Turkey wings lead the way Eccentric pulls on periostium increase bone strength, reversing osteoporosis Lanyon, L.E. “Osteoporosis and exercise.” Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation. March 1989 4:(2)pp.12- 24.

17. Woolf, J: The Law of Bone Transformation. Berlin, A. Hirschwald, 1892. Deforming force