1. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select View on the menu bar and click on Slide Show. To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or the space bar. From the resources slide, click on any resource to see a presentation for that resource. From the Chapter menu screen click on any lesson to go directly to that lessons presentation. You may exit the slide show at any time by pressing the Esc key.

2. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter Presentation Transparencies Lesson Starters Standardized Test Prep Visual Concepts Resources

3. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Table of Contents Chapter 14 Acids and Bases Section 1 Properties of Acids and Bases Section 2 Acid-Base Theories Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions

4. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson Starter The solutions in the beakers are different because they have a different pH. One beaker contains a basic solution and the other beaker contains an acidic solution Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids and Bases

5. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson Starter List three terms that describe the person in the photo. The person has been described in many different ways, but he or she is still the same person. Acids and bases also can be described differently based on the circumstances. Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories

6. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Objectives Define and recognize Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases. Define a Lewis acid and a Lewis base. Name compounds that are acids under the Lewis definition but are not acids under the Brønsted-Lowry definition. Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories

7. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases A Brønsted-Lowry acid is a molecule or ion that is a proton donor. Hydrogen chloride acts as a Brønsted-Lowry acid when it reacts with ammonia. Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories Water can act as a Brønsted-Lowry acid.

8. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases, continued A Brønsted-Lowry base is a molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor. Ammonia accepts a proton from the hydrochloric acid. It acts as a Brønsted-Lowry base. Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories The OH ion produced in solution by Arrhenius hydroxide bases (NaOH) is the Brønsted-Lowry base. The OH ion can accept a proton.

9. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases, continued In a Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction, protons are transferred from one reactant (the acid) to another (the base). Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories acid base

10. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Visual Concepts Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept Brø n sted-Lowry Acids and Bases Chapter 14

11. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Monoprotic and Polyprotic Acids A monoprotic acid is an acid that can donate only one proton (hydrogen ion) per molecule. HClO 4, HCl, HNO 3 only one ionization step Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories

12. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Monoprotic and Diprotic Acids Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories

13. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Monoprotic and Polyprotic Acids, continued A polyprotic acid is an acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule. H 2 SO 4, H 3 PO 4 Multiple ionization steps Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories (1) (2) Sulfuric acid solutions contain H 3 O +, ions

14. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Monoprotic and Polyprotic Acids, continued A diprotic acid is the type of polyprotic acid that can donate two protons per molecule H 2 SO 4 A triprotic acid is the type of polyprotic acid that can donate three protons per molecule. H 3 PO 4 Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories

15. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Visual Concepts Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept Comparing Monoprotic and Polyprotic Acids Chapter 14

16. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lewis Acids and Bases A Lewis acid is an atom, ion, or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond. The Lewis definition is the broadest of the three acid definitions. A bare proton (hydrogen ion) is a Lewis acid Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories

17. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lewis Acids and Bases, continued The formula for a Lewis acid need not include hydrogen. The silver ion can be a Lewis acid Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories Any compound in which the central atom has three valence electrons and forms three covalent bonds can react as a Lewis acid.

18. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Visual Concepts Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept Lewis Acids and Bases Chapter 14

19. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lewis Acids and Bases, continued Acid Base Definitions Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories

20. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Visual Concepts Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept Comparing Arrhenius, Brø n sted-Lowry, and Lewis Acids and Bases Chapter 14