1. Unit 5:
Minerals

2. Minerals Minerals are: Solid Formed in nature Inorganic
Of a definite composition
Composed of a particular crystal structure

3. Naturally Occurring and Inorganic
Minerals are formed by natural processes
Minerals are Inorganic
Inorganic – not formed from living matter
Minerals are not living and never were living
Salt is a mineral, coal and sugar are not

4. Solids with Specific Composition
All minerals are solid – definite shape, definite volume
Most are compounds, some are elements
Contain same elements in same ratio
Ex: SiO2

5. Definite Crystalline Structure
Crystals are solids with repeating patterns
More space = better crystal formation

6. Definite Crystalline Structure

7. Formation of Minerals Minerals can form from Magma
Magma – molten material found beneath Earth’s surface
If magma cools slowly in Earth’s heated interior, large crystals can form
If magma cools at Earth’s surface, or comes into contact with air or water, smaller crystals form

8. Minerals from Solution
Minerals can also form from a solution
Supersaturated solutions will cause crystals to precipitate
If the liquid of a solution evaporates, the remaining elements form crystals

10. Mineral Groups Silicates – Silicon + Oxygen + Metal(s)
Ex: Olivine - Mg2SiO4

11. Mineral Groups
Carbonates – CO3 and Metal(s)
Ex: Calcite - CaCO3

12. Mineral Groups Oxides – Oxygen and Metal(s)
Ex: Hematite– Fe2O3
Sulfates – SO4 and Metal(s)
Anhydrite CaSO4
Sulfides – Sulfur and Metal(s)
Pyrite – FeS2
Halides – Halogen (Cl or F) and Metal(s)
Halite - NaCl