1. Welcome to Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES

2. who am I ? Mike Rosenman where am I ? Room 279 contact ? Ph: 9351 5933 Fax: 9351 3031 Email: mike@arch.usyd.edu.au http://www.arch.usyd.edu.au/~mike 2/29

3. web http://www.arch.usyd.edu.au/~mike BDes Year 1 - Design Studies - Structures Course Material 3/29

4. texts Cowan H. J., Gunaratnam D. and Wilson F. (1995). Structural Systems, Dept of Arch and Design Science, University of Sydney 4/29 Building Principle Notes (on web)

5. course objectives ● introduce concepts of structure in architecture ● introduce some simple building structural systems ● introduce the structural use of materials 5/29

6. course outcomes ● an understanding of the physical properties and behaviour of materials ● an understanding of the forces acting on buildings and the way structures respond to these forces ● the ability to analyse and design simple structural systems ● a familiarity with different simple structural systems 6/29

7. assessment ● labs & reports x 3 (1 + 2) ● assignment (sem 1) ● work sheets x 8 (sem 2) MASTERY TASKS SUMMATIVE FORMATIVE 7/29 ● test (sem 2)

8. why learn structures? ● not to make you structural engineers ● better designers ● able to communicate with structural engineers 8/29

9. what’s it all about ? ● preventing gross errors ● making intelligent decisions regarding ● selection of structural system 9/29 ● selection & sizing of members

10. 229. If a builder build a house for some one, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built fall in and kill its owner, then that builder shall be put to death. 230. If it kill the son of the owner the son of that builder shall be put to death. 231. If it kill a slave of the owner, then he shall pay slave for slave to the owner of the house. 232. If it ruin goods, he shall make compensation for all that has been ruined, and inasmuch as he did not construct properly this house which he built and it fell, he shall re- erect the house from his own means. 233. If a builder build a house for some one, even though he has not yet completed it; if then the walls seem toppling, the builder must make the walls solid from his own means. code of Hammurabi

11. 11/29 nature of structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure enclosure of space resistance of structure vs forces of nature T R U C T U R SE

12. function of structure ● to resist all the forces (loads) acting on the building ● to transfer them to supports (the ground) 12/29

13. 3 main considerations S tability - equilibrium building must not move - up, sideways or overturn all forces and moments must balance S trength building must not break / collapse S tiffness - functionality building must continue to serve its purpose must not deform too much 13/29

14. designing structures no right answer larger the enclosed space - more need for structural efficiency 14/29 little skill required to design building which will stand up

15. Structural Analysis & Design l analyse a structure l design a structure 15/29 l given a structure, determine whether it is satisfactory l given some requirements, come up with a structure that satisfies those requirements

16. Design Problem l many solutions l ill-defined l problem conceptual – solution concrete 16/29

17. Design l what is the answer? l how to achieve required properties? that is the question suitable arrangement of suitable elements = structure 167/29

18. Considerations modes of failure a) stiffness - functional b) stability didn’t allow for unsymmetrical loads c) strength didn’t allow object through before or after deformations too large mechanism not structure led to collapse through toppling, overturning elements broke bending of beams, buckling of supports 18/29

19. Knowledge Required l loads and supports l types - load paths l beams, trusses, arches, cables, l types of structures l precedents l bridges, bookshelves, floors, roofs, …. l actions and reactions 19/29

20. Knowledge Required (cont.) l equilibrium / stability l moments - types of joints - topology l modes of failure l compression, tension, bending, shear, buckling l material behaviour l stress and strain l section properties l shape and size 20/29

21. Designing the Structure l same as any act of designing l select suitable elements l locate elements l provide necessary relationships achieve required performance overall system 21/29

22. Reading Structure 22/29 www.structurae.net/structures www.salvadori.org/aoc/

23. 23/29 http://www.structurae.net/structures W. H. Smith (1980). The world’s Great Architecture, Hamlyn, London Vickers G. (1998). Key Moments in Architecture, Hamlyn, London images from

24. why 24/29 make certain decisions? what is the functionality? why this form? why this system and materials? why these sizes?

25. what are we looking at? 25/29

26. loads & failure 26/29

27. structural systems 27/29

28. materials 28/29

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