1. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 0 SECTION 2 The History Of CULTURAL CULTURALInfluences

2. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 1 Chapter 4 Immigration and Oppression: The Assault on Cultural and Language Diversity Understanding Human Differences Multicultural Education for a Diverse America 3rd Edition By Kent L. Koppelman This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a networkAny public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any imagesPreparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images Any rental, lease, or lending of the programAny rental, lease, or lending of the program

3. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 2

4. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 3 Important Terms Assimilation: Immigrants adopt cultural traits from their host countryImmigrants adopt cultural traits from their host country Absorbed into societyAbsorbed into societyAmericanization: Schools indoctrinate immigrant children to abandon their heritageSchools indoctrinate immigrant children to abandon their heritage Conform to American waysConform to American waysAnti-Semitism: Having prejudices and/or stereotypes for or discriminating against JewsHaving prejudices and/or stereotypes for or discriminating against Jews

5. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 4 Important Terms Xenophobia: Fear of or prejudice against people immigrating from other nationsFear of or prejudice against people immigrating from other nationsNativism: Ideology among native inhabitants opposed to immigrantsIdeology among native inhabitants opposed to immigrants Certain immigrants are perceived as threatening or dangerousCertain immigrants are perceived as threatening or dangerous Native American Party: Nativist group who wanted eligibility for citizenship increased from 5 years to 21 yearsNativist group who wanted eligibility for citizenship increased from 5 years to 21 years

6. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 5 Causes of Xenophobia and Nativism in the United States Nativism as anti-Catholicism Response to increased number of Catholic immigrants: 1820 =200,000 Catholics 1820 =200,000 Catholics in the U.S. 1850 = More than 2,000,000 1850 = More than 2,000,000

7. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 6 Causes of Xenophobia and Nativism in the United States Nativism as anti-radicalism Immigrants actively engage in forming labor unions to get better wages

8. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 7 How successful were the NATIVISTS in their political activities

9. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 8 Know Nothing Party candidates represented almost HALF of the almost HALF of the House of Representatives 8 of 62 in the Senate 8 of 62 in the Senate 9 State Governors 9 State Governors

10. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 9 Why did NATIVISISM fail to become a dominant movement in the United States Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 SLAVERY, not immigration, became the dominant issue

11. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 10 What new development affected XENOPHOBIC attitudes in the United States

12. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 11 Race theories became popularRace theories became popular – the race of immigrants became a concern Jews were identified as a raceJews were identified as a race – Anti-Semitism against immigrant Jews The 1924 immigration law restricted immigration primarily to white groupsThe 1924 immigration law restricted immigration primarily to white groups

13. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 12 What major change in IMMIGRATION LAW was enacted in 1965 Racial Quotas were ELIMINATED (Since 1965, 80% of immigrants have been people of color)

14. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 13 How is the “English Only” movement an example of XENOPHOBIC behavior

15. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 14 90% of America’s residents speak fluent English90% of America’s residents speak fluent English Less than 6% of Americans speak NO EnglishLess than 6% of Americans speak NO English Movement funded by groups like the Pioneer FundMovement funded by groups like the Pioneer Fund –history of xenophobic and racist activities

16. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 15 25% of all K-12 students are from homes where a language other than English is spoken25% of all K-12 students are from homes where a language other than English is spoken Over 75% of those students speak SpanishOver 75% of those students speak Spanish Language Diversity in the United States

17. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 16 Most people in the world are bilingual or multilingualMost people in the world are bilingual or multilingual Latinos: Latinos: –98% fluent in English –35% fluent in Spanish Bilingualism in the United States Children of immigrants lose their native language by the 3rd generation

18. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 17 Intended to FOSTER (not prevent) assimilationIntended to FOSTER (not prevent) assimilation Values learning diversity and bilingualismValues learning diversity and bilingualism Values multiple cultural perspectivesValues multiple cultural perspectives Recent research supports bilingual education for English Language Learners (ELLs)Recent research supports bilingual education for English Language Learners (ELLs) Bilingual Education

19. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 18 Diplomacy/Security - enhances negotiations and detecting terrorist activitiesDiplomacy/Security - enhances negotiations and detecting terrorist activities Economic - enhances global tradeEconomic - enhances global trade Educational - enhances teacher education and K-12 language learningEducational - enhances teacher education and K-12 language learning Advantages of Increased Bilingualism in the U.S.

20. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 19 What American NATIVIST attitudes exist today

21. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 20 Much anti-immigrant sentiment is directed against LatinosMuch anti-immigrant sentiment is directed against Latinos –especially undocumented workers (illegal immigrants) Claim that undocumented workers receive social servicesClaim that undocumented workers receive social services –Contradicted by a University of California-Davis study Many Americans disapprove of bilingual signs and other Latino influences on U.S. cultureMany Americans disapprove of bilingual signs and other Latino influences on U.S. culture

22. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 21 How do immigrants contribute to the American economy Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

23. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 22 $10 Billion spent in U.S. annually by legal and illegal immigrants $10 Billion spent in U.S. annually by legal and illegal immigrants Latino entrepreneurs increased 30% in five years by 2003 Latino entrepreneurs increased 30% in five years by 2003 Businesses beginning to target Latino consumers Businesses beginning to target Latino consumers

24. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 23 What myths about immigrants are widely believed by Americans

25. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 24 Myth: “Immigrants arrive ignorant with little education or money and go on welfare.” Reality: 20-25% of immigrants have college degrees The number on welfare is similar to the percentage of non-immigrants on welfare

26. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 25 Myth: “Past and present immigrants have wanted to cling to their culture and refuse to assimilate” Reality: New immigrants want to preserve elements of their culture, but show a strong desire to become American Backlogs of applications for citizenship have delayed their requests by years

27. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 26 Myth: “The U.S. takes more immigrants than other countries.” Reality: Most immigrants are refugees The U.S. accepts less than 1% of refugees – far less than other countries

28. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 27 Myth: “Too many illegal immigrants are getting into the U.S.” Reality: Illegal immigrants represent only 13% of the immigrant population and 2% of the U.S. population Many Europeans overstay their 90 day visas yet are not viewed as “illegal”

29. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 28 Myth: “Illegal immigrants cause increased crime, disease, and terrorism in the U.S.” Reality: No medical research reports an increase in diseases due to immigrants Research on crime concluded: “immigrants aren’t a crime problem”

30. Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 - 29 Myth: “Immigrants are taking away jobs from Americans.” Reality: Studies show that immigrants create jobs wherever they settle